Online Positive Emotion Skills Intervention for Symptoms of Depression

Determine the percentage of participants providing data at each stage of the study from baseline to study completion (average of 4.5 months). This includes capturing dropout rates and reasons for dropping out, where possible; Retention will also include analyzing any qualitative comments/feedback on the lessons and home practice exercises in order to gauge what participants like and don't like, and what is feasible for future iterations of this study to maximize retention.

8-items; responses range from 0 "not at all" to 3 "almost every day"

20-items; responses range from 1 "rarely or none of the time (less than 1 day)" to 3 "occasionally or a moderate amount of the time (3-4 days)"

10-items; responses range from 1 "never" to 5 "very often"

26-items; responses range from 1 "not at all" to 9 "all the time"; framed as "Over the PAST week, how much have you felt each of these emotions?"

7-items; responses range from 1 "never or rarely true" to 5 "very often or always true"

6-items; responses range from 1 "disagree strongly" to 9 "agree strongly"

10-items; responses range from 1 "definitely false" to 5 "definitely true"

6-items of self-reported resilience; responses range from 1 "strongly disagree" to 5 "strongly agree"

32-item scale to measure self stigma of depression; responses range from 1 "completely disagree" to 7 "completely agree"

8-item scale with 5 response options ranging from "strongly disagree" to "strongly agree"

9-item scale measuring positive affect and well-being with 5 response options: "never" "rarely" "sometimes" "often" "always"

7-item instrument assessing for symptoms of mania with 7 response options: 0 "Never or hardly ever," 1 "Sometimes," 2 "Often," 3 "Very Often," 7 "Don't Know," 8 "Refuse to Answer," 9 "Not applicable." The 7 items include questions such as: "Have there been times lasting several days or more when you felt you must have lots of excitement, and you actually did a lot of new or different things?"

9-item instrument that measures the impact of behavioral activation on depressive symptoms. Response items range from 0 to 6, from "Not at all" to "Completely." Statements include: "I was an active person and accomplished the goals I set out to do" and "I did things that were enjoyable."

4-item instrument that measures the impact of stress on depressive symptoms. Response scale ranges from 1 "strongly agree" to 4 "strongly disagree." Items include: 1) I believe I have the ability to cope with the demands of my life 2) I know when I'm starting to experience too much stress 3) I know how to cope with stress when it comes and 4) I am usually able to successfully deal with my stress levels.

6-item instrument that measures how expectancy and credibility might influence participants' responses. Responses range from 1 "Not at all" to 9 "Very." Statements include: "At this point, how logical does this course seem to you?" or "At this point, how much do you really feel that the course will help you to improve your functioning?"

12-item instrument assesses levels of self-compassion. Response items range from 1 "Almost never" to 5 "Almost always." Statements include: "I try to see my failings as part of the human condition" and "When something painful happens I try to take a balanced view of the situation."

16-item instrument that assesses levels of self-stigma surrounding depressive symptoms. This measure will be used to replace the DSSS from the pilot phase of the study.

ratings of life, job, relationship on a 9-point scale, from 1 "not satisfied" to 9 "satisfied"

rating health and sleep quality on a 9-point scale from 1 "poor" to 9 "excellent"

1 item measure on a 9-point scale ranging from 1 "not very important" to 9 "very important"

self-rated personality for dependability/discipline and disorganization/carelessness on a 9-point scale from 1 "strongly disagree" to 9 "strongly agree."

7-items measuring stressful events with 5 response items ranging from 0 "didn't happen" to 4 "very stressful"

26-items; responses range from 1 "not at all" to 9 "all the time"; framed as "Over the PAST day, how much have you felt each of these emotions?"

6 self-report questions asking about depression diagnosis, medication, therapies, treatment. For example, "Have you ever taken medication for anxiety, worry, or stress?" with options such as "I'm currently taking medication" "In the past, but not now" and "No."

38-items assessing how often repondents have completed happiness inducing behaviors. Adapted scale and 7 response options range from "Not at all" to "Multiple Times a Day"

16-items assessing what motivates a respondent to use the MARIGOLD skills with 7 response options ranging from 1 "Not at all" to 7 "Exactly"

6-items administered at baseline to assess level of technology use, modes of use, and frequency of use. 1-item technology question at post-intervention asking which device participants used the most for MARIGOLD.

Single-Item pain measure assessed at each timepoint to measure change in pain level. Asks about the average level of pain over the past week on a scale of 0 to 10, with 0 being "No pain" and 10 being "Pain as bad as you can imagine."