Omega-3, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

The ABC will be used to assess the behavioral problems of participants. It consists of 58 items that describe various behaviors, such as aggression or hyperactivity, and is typically completed by a caregiver or teacher who knows the individual well. Each item is rated on a 4-point scale: 0 = not at all a problem, 1 = slight problem, 2 = moderate problem, and 3 = severe problem. Scores are summed across all items to produce a total score ranging from 0 to 174, with higher scores indicating more severe or frequent problem behaviors

Interleukin (IL)-1 beta (picogram/milliliter, pg/ML) IL-6 IL-10 Tumor necrosis factor -αlpha Interferon (IFN)-γ

CPT will be used to measure the attention and impulsivity in the subjects.

SDQ will be used to assess behavior problems of the participants. SDQ is a brief behavioral screening tool for children and adolescents, typically aged 3-16, designed to assess emotional and behavioral difficulties as well as prosocial strengths. It has 25 items divided into five subscales: Emotional Symptoms, Conduct Problems, Hyperactivity/Inattention, Peer Problems, and Prosocial Behavior, with each subscale containing 5 items. Items are rated on a 3-point scale: 0 = "Not True," 1 = "Somewhat True," 2 = "Certainly True." Scoring involves summing the first four subscales to calculate a Total Difficulties Score (range 0-40), while the Prosocial subscale is scored separately (range 0-10) as a measure of strengths. Higher Total Difficulties Scores indicate greater behavioral or emotional problems, while higher Prosocial scores indicate stronger social skills.

Gut microbiomal sequencing, Faecal short-chain fatty acids

Autonomic nervous function (ANS) will be assessed with HRV.

measurement of peripheral blood hs-CRP units in milligram/Liter (mg/L)

Measurement of RBC PUFAs units in %

WMS will be used to measure memory function of the subjects.

The SNAP-IV is used to assess attention, hyperactivity and oppositional defiant disorder symptoms in the subjects. It contains 26 items rated on a 4-point scale from 0 ("Not at all") to 3 ("Very much"), reflecting the frequency or severity of each behavior. The items are grouped into three subscales: Inattention, Hyperactivity/Impulsivity, and Oppositional Defiant behaviors, with scores summed within each subscale. Higher scores indicate more severe symptoms, and the scale can be completed by parents, teachers, or clinicians to provide a reliable measure for both clinical evaluation and research.