ObseRvation After Acute Coronary Syndrome for deveLopment of trEatment Options

The role of genetic factors in the development of coranary heart disease (CHD) exacerbations studied not enough. Most research in this area planned and carried out on a "case-control". Using a similar protocol entails significant errors are associated with a high incidence of subclinical atherosclerotic vascular lesions. Moreover, much of atheroma is extravasal, making it impossible to identify them by angiography. Therefore, necessary to conduct prospective studies to estimate the frequency of so-called hard endpoints. Previously, similar trials were conducted, mainly in connect with drug approving procedures. The spread data from them to other patients directly is not entirely justified. At the same time, the influence of genetic factors in this group of patients can be substantial.

In the previous part of the study, the sample of patients of Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kazan, Chelyabinsk, Stavropol, Perm, and Rostov-on-the-Don was formed, of 1,200 people admitted due to acute coronary syndrome (ACS) including unstable angina and acute myocardial infarction, at coronary care units with follow-up for three years. We found several factors, including genetic, that significantly affect the outcomes of the disease. Coronary atherosclerosis and its complications now considered as a multifactorial disease associated with inherent factors. Therefore, the project provides, besides accounting a significant amount of clinical and instrumental data, the determination of a wide range of genotypes and alleles of polymorphic markers candidate genes encoding the protein factors of the hemostatic system, enzymes of lipid metabolism system, and anti-inflammatory cytokines. It is assumed that the prediction outcomes of coronary heart disease should be carried out taking into account the fact that several factors (gender, diabetes, age, aortic stenosis, atrial fibrillation, etc.) can not only significantly change the forecast itself but also affecting the significance of other risk factors. Since the last study, the standards significantly of ACS management changed. Invasive treatment not only creates opportunities to reduce coronary mortality but also increased demands on the patient's adherence to the assigned medication and creates additional risks associated with its activity (especially with an antithrombotic treatment activity). In these circumstances, the development of personalized approaches to prescribing drugs is particularly important. Thus, the prediction of coronary heart disease outcomes after an ACS on a set of clinical, instrumental, biochemical and genetic indicators is of great importance, as it allows to plan the most optimal treatment for the individual patient.

The aim of the study was to develop a model of individualized risk of coronary heart disease outcomes and side effects of therapy based on clinical and instrumental, biochemical, and genetic parameters in patients with ACS.

Inclusion criteria

• Patients with acute coronary syndrome without ST-segment elevation meeting the criteria of a very high, high or intermediate risk, and patients from the low-risk group, if they have episodes of myocardial ischemia in any way Very high risk (1 criterion is sufficient)

• Pulmonary edema, most probably due to ischemia.
• The newly appears or increased noise of mitral regurgitation.
• Rhythm of the gallop, newly developed or intensified wheezing in the lungs.
• Hypotension against ischemia
• Ischemia refractory to treatment
• Persistent ventricular tachycardia or the occurrence of ventricular rhythm disturbances during an attack of ischemia High risk

(1 criterion is sufficient)

• An anginal attack more than 20 minutes within the next 48 hours before admission
• Transitional elevations ST (duration less than 20 min)
• GRACE score > 140 points
• Increased cardiospecific markers of necrosis. (you must have at least 2 criteria)
• Age> 75 years.
• Angina pectoris with transient changes ST> 0.05 mV.

Intermediate risk (1 criterion is sufficient)

• Age> 75 years.
• Angina pectoris with transient changes ST> 0.05 mV.
• Inversion of the T wave on ECG (≥ 0.2 mV).
• GRACE score 104-139 points

(it is necessary to have at least 2 criteria)

• Angina of rest (<20 min), stopped spontaneously or with the help of nitroglycerin (NG).
• Anamnesis of pathology of peripheral or cerebral arteries,
• Postponed myocardial infarction, including painless, history of revascularization (PCI or CABG)
• Diabetes.
• Chronic renal failure (GFR <50 mL / min)

Low risk All other patients with suspicion of ACS require a survey to identify episodes of ischemia

• Patients with acute coronary syndrome with ST-segment elevation

Patients who were hospitalized with symptoms due to acute myocardial infarction (the duration of infarction is no more than 10 days, by the time of hospitalization) and at least one of the following additional criteria identified upon admission to hospital:

• ST elevation: a persistent ST increase of 1 mm in two adjacent leads from the limbs, or an ST increase of 2 mm in two adjacent thoracic leads
• the appearance of a new left bundle branch block
• dynamics of acute myocardial infarction
• Signed informed consent to participate in the study

Exclusion criteria

• Lack of patient consent to participate in the study
• Impossibility of contact with the patient after discharge after index event