Nutritional Intervention for Age-related Muscular Function and Strength Losses-Study 2

Inclusion criteria

• Male and female subjects will be enrolled into the study.
• Age > 60 years.
• Free of liver and kidney diseases, and with no evidence of uncontrolled hypertension.
• Does not have a chronic disease that affects calcium or bone metabolism (i.e., asthma with chronic use of high dose steroids, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, primary hyperparathyroidism, seizure disorder with use of phenobarbital, etc.).
• Not classified as morbidly obese (body mass index (BMI) >40 kg/m2).
• Six weeks since major surgery (three weeks since minor surgery).
• Willing to consume one of the nutritional supplements for the study period.
• Individuals diagnosed with osteoporosis, or bone density > 2.0 standard deviations below the mean, will not be enrolled in the study.
• No other serious medical illness.
• Serum 25OH-vitD3 >15 ng/ml.
• Willing to participate in 3-day-a-week monitored strength-training program.
• Physician has placed no restriction on physical exercise.

Exclusion criteria

• Age < 60 years.
• Evidence of liver and kidney diseases, uncontrolled hypertension, or Type I diabetes mellitus requiring insulin for glucose control.
• Presence of a chronic disease that affects calcium or bone metabolism (i.e., asthma with chronic use of high dose steroids, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, primary hyperparathyroidism, seizure disorder with use of phenobarbital, etc.).
• Classified as morbidly obese (body mass index (BMI) >40 kg/m2).
• Less than six weeks since major surgery or three weeks since minor surgery.
• Not willing to consume one of the nutritional supplements for the study period.
• Individuals diagnosed with osteoporosis, or a bone density > 2.0 standard deviations below the mean, will not be enrolled in the study.
• Other serious medical illness, which the subject's doctor or medical review team has decided affects the subject's ability to participate in the study.
• History of blood clots and/or the use of blood thinning medications
• Subjects on high dose vitamin D therapies (i.e. 50,000 IU vitamin D).
• Subjects with serum 25OH-vitD3 <10 ng/ml will be considered deficient and will be referred to their physician for treatment.
• Subjects with serum 25OH-vitD3 >30 ng/ml may not respond to the intervention as expected and will also be excluded from the study.
• Not able or willing to participate in 3-day-a-week monitored strength-training program.
• Physician has placed a restriction on physical exercise.