Non-Pharmacological Interventions on Patient Experience and Healthcare Utilization in Adult Cardiac Surgery Patients

Number of days spent at home compared between groups

This is a 9-question inventory which assesses both pain intensity (sensory dimension) and the interference (reactive dimension) of pain in daily activities. Pain intensity is measured on a 0 - 10 scale, with 0 being no pain and 10 being worst possible.

This is an 11-item questionnaire collecting data on opioids prescribed, opioids used, pain scores, opioid storage and disposal practices, and assessment of opioid education.

This is a 15-item questionnaire designed to capture the patient's inpatient experience.

Each response will be categorized as a problem or non-problem and reported as the percent of respondents reporting a problem, averaged across all PPE-15 domains.

This is a self-administered patient questionnaire with 7 items that measures generalized anxiety disorder. Through a 4-point Likert scale from 'not at all' to 'nearly every day', it is asked how often the patient has been bothered by any of the presented problems. The GAD-7 index is obtained by adding the scores from the questionnaire, after having assigned 0 to the least severe situation, 3 to the most severe one, and 1 and 2 to the intermediate ones. The cut off points 5, 10 and 15 allow to classify the anxiety as none/normal (0-4), mild (5-9), moderate (10-14), and severe (15-21). This will be completed at 4 different times in every patient, ranging from preoperative clinic through 90 (+/-7) day follow up.

This is a self-administered instrument that will be used to measure depression in each subject. The PHQ-9 score can range from 0-27 with each of the 9 items can be scored from 0-3 corresponding to "no at all", "several days", "more than half the days" and "nearly every day" responses, respectively. This will be completed at 4 different times in every patient, ranging from preoperative clinic through 90 (+/-7) day follow up

This is a 22-item self-report questionnaire measuring post traumatic stress disorder symptoms. Items are rated on a 5-point scale ranging from 0 ("not at all") to 4 ("extremely"). The IES-R yields a total score ranging from 0 (not at all) to 88 (extremely).

This a 12-item, self-administered instrument that quantifies physical function, symptoms (frequency, severity and recent change), social function, self-efficacy and knowledge, and quality of life. The KCCQ-12 clinical summary score is a composite assessment of physical limitations and total symptom scores. Scores are transformed to a range of 0-100, in which higher scores reflect better health status.