NEXT (Nutrition and EXercise During Adjuvant Treatment) Study

HYPOTHESES (Main):

• The supervised exercise and healthy eating education intervention will be feasible in terms of recruitment (>50%) and retention (>70%) of participants, and; 2) the intervention will be safe and highly acceptable to participants.

JUSTIFICATION: Past trials have demonstrated the benefits of a supervised exercise program in breast cancer survivors during chemotherapy, including reduced side effects of treatment and improvement in physical functioning and quality of life. There are currently no exercise interventions as part of standard cancer care and few suitable programs exist in the community or outside of a research protocol (where they are often associated with strict eligibility criteria and randomization). The proposed study will deliver an exercise and healthy eating program referred by an oncologist as part of supportive cancer care during adjuvant chemotherapy and is expected to specifically address reported barriers to delivery.

OBJECTIVES: The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility (recruitment rate, adoption and adherence) of a physician referred supervised exercise and healthy eating intervention in newly diagnosed women with breast cancer as supportive care.

The secondary aim is to assess the efficacy for the intervention on:

• clinical outcomes (chemotherapy completion rate, hospitalization (cancer-related or non-cancer related), and prescriptions written);
• behaviour change outcomes (steps per day, self-reported physical activity and dietary intake);
• blood biomarkers of disease recurrence/survival (i.e., IL-6, TNF-α, CRP).

The exploratory aim is to assess patient satisfaction (i.e., program staff, facility, ease of use, parking), healthcare utilization costs (use of medical services and personnel costs related to a cancer diagnosis) and maintenance of lifestyle change (meeting physical activity and healthy eating targets at 1 year post-intervention).

RESEARCH METHOD: This study is a prospective single arm intervention program evaluation study (pre- and post-test design). We aim to recruit women with newly diagnosed early stage curative breast cancer receiving adjuvant chemotherapy over a 12-month period into an exercise and healthy eating program. The intervention will be delivered for the duration of their adjuvant chemotherapy (approximately 12-24 weeks) followed by a 6 month maintenance phase. Women will be referred by their BCCA Vancouver Cancer Centre medical oncologist during their new patient visit or within 1-2 cycles of chemotherapy (see statistical analysis). Participants will be screened for eligibility, and informed consent obtained and a readiness to exercise assessment completed prior to enrollment. The entire intervention is group-based and delivered for the duration of their breast cancer chemotherapy (approximately 12-24 weeks depending on the chemotherapy protocol) followed by a 6 month maintenance phase and one year of non-intervention follow up. The exercise will be a supervised, progressive aerobic and resistance (weight) training program based on past trials and current guidelines, and delivered at a local Breast Cancer Training Centre dedicated exclusively to breast cancer research. The group-based nutrition education session (2-hrs) will be offered at enrollment at the BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver Centre Campus, in addition to 1 hour drop in follow up sessions during the duration of the study. Study outcomes will be measured at baseline, end of chemotherapy, end of maintenance phase and after 12 months of follow up.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Participant characteristics will be summarized using descriptive statistics. The equivalence of participants who were deemed eligible for the intervention compared to all new patients within the same time frame will be assessed in terms of demographic and clinical variables using Student's T-tests for continuous and chi-square tests for categorical variables.

Inclusion criteria

• female;
• aged 19 years and older;
• newly diagnosed with early stage (I-IIIA) breast cancer;
• prescribed adjuvant chemotherapy (with or without radiation) as part of curative treatment for breast cancer; and
• good comprehension of English

Exclusion criteria

• contraindications for entry into an exercise program (i.e., known cardiovascular disease, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, or musculoskeletal impairment issue);
• body mass index (BMI) >40 (morbid obesity);
• mobility impairment requiring use of mobility aids;
• stage IV cancer
• metastatic disease
• neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (with likelihood of surgery after chemotherapy)

Gender exclusion criteria: Male breast cancer is excluded as it is a rare diagnosis.

Age exclusion criteria: Based on enrolling adult participants only. Language exclusion criteria: A good comprehension of English is required to receive instruction on the intervention and complete study forms and evaluations.