New Model of Care in Heart Failure

Treatment of patients with heart failure (HF) is a great challenge for contemporary medicine. HF frequency in European population is assessed for 0.4-2%. This disease is characterized by high morbidity and mortality rate, poor quality of life and frequent hospitalizations. Along with the medicine progress, in particular in the scope of acute coronary syndromes treatment, the number of HF patients is constantly growing. The essential problem connected with HF is its progress course and an increasing rate of subsequent hospitalizations (approximately 30% of hospitalizations are the repeated ones). It is estimated that the costs of hospital stays constitute nearly 2/3 of healthcare costs provided for HF patients.

It has been estimated that the prevalence of HF will increase by 25% and its direct costs by 215% in the next 20 years. The prognosis in HF is closely connected with the progression of the disease defined in accordance with the NYHA (New York Heart Association) functional classification. The yearly mortality rate among each NYHA class is: class 1 - up to 10%, class 2 - 10-20%, class 3 - 20-40%, class 4 - mortality 40-60%. Over a half of the patients with symptomatic HF die within 4 years of observation.

In the AMULET study we we will merging the interventions that so far turned out to be effective (specialist counselling, phone counselling programmes and telemonitoring). Therefore, we created of ambulatory care points for HF patients, which would be equipped with diagnostic devices (impedance cardiography and body composition analyser (bioimpedance scale)), assessing the most important clinical parameters. Ambulatory care point will be operated by a trained nurse, under a telemetry supervision of a specialist.

The following parameters were identified as the indicators of treatment effects: heart rate (HR), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), thoracic fluid content (TFC) and its change (delta TFC), change of body mass and total body water (delta TBW).

The telemedicine solutions will strongly support the proposed system. The clinical data will be automatically entered into an interactive system (database), which will send information to a supervising cardiologist, in accordance with the previously implemented recommendation support module (RSM). Regarding RSM indications remote specialist recommendation will be generated (e.g. maintenance or modification of treatment, referral to hospital).

The proposed approach will satisfy ESC recommendations on long-term management: plan follow-up strategy (including plan to up-titrate/optimize dose of disease-modifying drugs); improvement in symptoms, quality of life and survival; prevention of readmissions; management programme; education and appropriate lifestyle adjustments.

Inclusion criteria

• age >18 years;
• HF with LVEF≤49% and at least 1 hospitalization due to the acute HF decompensation (with clinical presentation in NYHA class III-IV) within the last 6 months before enrollment.

Exclusion criteria

• cardiogenic shock
• myocardial (STE-ACS/NSTE-ACS) infarct as the main cause of hospitalization within the last 40 days prior to recruitment;
• stroke within 40 days prior to recruitment;
• cardiac surgery within 90 days prior to recruitment;
• elective cardiac surgery (or any other high risk surgery) within next 90 days;
• pulmonary embolism within 40 days prior to recruitment;
• severe pulmonary diseases, including: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (stage C/D), uncontrolled asthma, pulmonary hypertension (WHO class III-IV);
• chronic kidney disease (stage 5 and/or requiring dialysis);
• severe inflammatory disease, including: pneumonia as the main cause of hospitalization; sepsis; tuberculosis;
• severe mental and physical disorders;
• life expectancy less than 12 months in the opinion of the physician because of reasons other than HF;
• patient currently enrolled in or has not yet completed at least 30 days since ending other investigational device or drug study (ies), or subject is receiving other investigational agent(s).
• pregnancy;
• patients' refusal to participate.