Neuroregulatory Effect and Mechanism of tDCS on Medial Prefrontal Cortex in ASD

• Autism was assessed using the Oregon State University Autism Rating Scale, DSM-5 (OARS-5), which includes the signs and symptoms of autism spectrum disorders described in the DSM-5. The scores include :1; Total number of symptoms. Every symptom that occurs (i.e., 1, 2, or 3 points) is recorded in the symptom count. 2. Weighted average severity. The clinician scored each item on a scale of 0, 1, 2 or 3 based on the parent's description of the particular problem. 3. Damage index. In Section C of OARS-5, after discussion with the child/adolescent's caregiver, the clinician will rate the level of support on a scale of 0(no support) to 3(maximum support).

detect resting state and task state EEG, analyze and calculate the functional E/I ratio of EEG power spectrum

Assessed by the Social Response Scale (SRS-II). The change in social communication scores from baseline to the end of the study period will be the primary outcome of interest, the critical value is 59.5, and the total score is the sum of all entries, with the lowest score of 0 and the highest score of 3 for each entry.

The Repetitive Stereotyping Behavior Scale-Revised (RBS-R) is a tool used to assess repetitive and stereotyping behaviors in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and other related disorders. The scale consists of 5 subscales, namely Ⅰ stereotypical behavior scale, Ⅱ self-injury behavior scale, Ⅲ impulsive behavior scale, Ⅳ ritualistic behavior scale, Ⅴ fixed behavior scale, and the score is 0= these behaviors have never happened -- 3= these behaviors have happened. And it's serious; The number of positive items is items other than those with a zero score.

The Short Sensory Profile (SSP) was used to assess sensory processing abnormalities in children. Each statement has a rating range, which is a 5-point scale from "always" to "never." Raters need to rate the child based on how often they respond to specific sensory inputs. The total score of the SSP is the sum of the scores of all entries. The lowest score generally reflects a higher level of sensory processing difficulty, while the highest score indicates less difficulty.

Individuals are assessed for behavioral abnormalities using the Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Second Edition (ABC-II), a scoring system designed according to the frequency and severity of behavioral problems. For each entry, raters are asked to rate it according to the following criteria: 0: no problem at all. Score 1: The behavior is problematic, but the degree is not serious. Score 2: The problem is moderately serious. 3 marks: The problem is serious. The total score for ABC-II is the sum of scores for all entries, with the lowest score (i.e., all entries are rated 0) indicating that no behavioral problems were observed, while the highest score (i.e., all entries are rated 3) indicating widespread and serious behavioral problems.

Childhood Sleep Disorders Scale (SDSC) was used to assess children's sleep problems and habits. Ratings are usually based on frequency and duration, such as "always," "often," "sometimes," "occasionally," or "never happens." Each entry is typically scored on a scale of 0 to 5, with 0 being no problem and the highest being the most serious. The total score of the CSHQ is the sum of the scores of all entries.

The levels of metabolites in plasma will be detected and quantified using a comprehensive Metabolomics detection approach. This method involves analyzing small-molecule chemical compounds found in plasma, providing a broad snapshot of the metabolic state of an organism at the given time points.

The scale is the most commonly used safety assessment tool in clinical trials to assess whether participants had side effects or sudden adverse events during the course of the study. The SAFTEE-GI (General inquiry) version was adopted in this study, which asked subjects in detail whether they had physical or psychological problems, occurrence time, duration, frequency and status quo during a specific period of time, so as to timely discover the adverse reactions of subjects during the clinical trial. Discontinue the study if adverse events occur.