Neuromuscular Ultrasonography Assessment of Optic Nerve in Systemic Lupus Eryhematosus

Evaluating the role of neuromuscular ultrasound in optic nerve involvement in systemic lupus patients.by measuring the diameter of optic nerve at certain site and comparing it to healthy subjects measurements and to asses NMUS ability to detect optic neuropathy in lupus patients in comparison to conventional techniques including opthalmologist evaluation and visual evoked potential

Inclusion criteria

• Adult
• group of SLE patients, who fulfilled Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics classification criteria for SLE (SLICC) with or without symptoms of optic neuropathy
• another group of apparently healthy subjects with no. history of chronic conditions

Exclusion criteria

• Any patient with optic neuritis due to causes other than lupus was excluded from the study: ex.

• Post traumatic neuropathy
• Purely degenerative neuropathy
• Diabetic neuropathy
• Toxic neuropathy
• Neuropathies related to infections
• Drug induced neuropathy e.g: quinine and some antibiotics, ethambutol
• Infections e.g. measles, mumps, Lyme disease, etc.
• Other Autoimmune diseases like sarcoidosis, B.D
• Tumor causing Inc. intracranial tension.