Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a common disease in neurosurgery. It is generally considered to be a closed fluid collection situated between the dura mater and arachnoid mater, formed by blood or blood degradation products. This collection causes a local mass effect, compressing adjacent brain tissue and leading to varying degrees of neurological dysfunction. In severe cases, it can induce brain herniation, endangering the patient's life. In recent years, despite the availability of various pharmacological and surgical treatment options for CSDH, the efficacy and long-term prognosis of these treatment methods and strategies remain not entirely clear, and a standardized treatment approach has yet to be established. Neuroendoscopy-assisted hematoma drainage is one of the treatment methods for CSDH, but its current application is not widespread. The core of this method involves neurosurgeons directly observing the hematoma structure during surgery with the assistance of a neuroendoscope, enabling them to thoroughly irrigate and aspirate the hematoma under direct vision and sever hematoma septations. This approach enhances the hematoma clearance rate, ultimately reducing the amount of postoperative hematoma residue. Compared with conventional burr-hole drainage, neuroendoscopy-assisted burr-hole drainage reduces the recurrence rate of CSDH and shortens the duration of postoperative drainage. This study aims to conduct a multicenter randomized controlled trial comparing neuroendoscopy-assisted hematoma drainage with burr-hole drainage, with the objective of scientifically and rigorously determining the optimal clinical treatment strategy for CSDH.
