Neurobiology of Sensory Phenomena in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) approach seeks to address the neurobiological mechanisms of sensory symptoms in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) by investigating dimensional components of behavior that more closely align with brain circuitry. This project focuses on the dimensional symptom of sensory phenomena (SP), which are uncomfortable or aversive sensory experiences that drive repetitive behaviors in OCD, including "not just right" sensations, physical urges, and sensations of disgust. SP are very prevalent, occurring in 60-80% of OCD patients, and experienced as highly distressing. Unfortunately, SP are not well addressed by standard treatment approaches, which may be in part because their neurobiological mechanisms are not well understood.

This project builds on our preliminary data to (1) investigate the neural mechanisms of SP in large OCD cohort showing the full range of SP severity and (2) probe for familial risk markers in unaffected siblings of patients. For Aim 1, SP will be measured in 100 OCD patients using the Sensory Phenomena Scale. Diffusion and fMRI data will be acquired during rest and fMRI tasks. In order to identify familial risk markers, Aim 2 will compare sensory phenomena and neural circuitry between OCD probands, 50 unaffected biological siblings of OCD patients, and 50 unrelated healthy controls without a family history of Axis 1 disorders.

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Key information

Conditions

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Anxiety Disorders Mental Disorders Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Age range

18 year–60 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Observational

Primary location

New York University School of Medicine

New York, 10016, United States

About this study

This project investigates the neurobiological mechanisms of sensory symptoms in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and their siblings using task-based fMRI, resting-state functional connectivity, and diffusion MRI approaches. OCD is a chronic disorder presenting a high public health burden. Treatment presents a particular challenge because OCD is extremely heterogeneous, with clusters of symptoms likely derived from differing neural etiologies.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

Fluent (speaking and writing) in English

Additional criteria for healthy controls (HC):

Lifetime absence of major Axis I diagnosis according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-5 criteria
Not taking psychotropic medications
No first-degree biological relatives with OCD

Additional criteria for siblings (SIB):

First-degree biological sibling of a person with OCD

Additional criteria for OCD patients:

Diagnosis of OCD according to DSM-5 criteria.

Exclusion criteria

Current moderate or high suicidality as assessed through the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) 7.0.2 suicidality module
MRI contraindications such as claustrophobia, ferrous implants, braces, or pacemakers
Major neurological illness (e.g., self-reported history of organic mental syndromes, head trauma, migraines, seizures, other Central Nervous System (CNS) disease, or other significant medical illness that would make participation unsafe or unfeasible)
Positive urine toxicology or pregnancy test
Any disability or health problem that prevents them from completing study procedures (e.g. back problems, severe carpal tunnel syndrome, impaired vision that is not corrected with glasses or contact lenses, etc.).
Present diagnosis of alcohol use disorder or substance use disorder (moderate or severe)
Present or previous diagnosis of psychosis, bipolar disorder, or major developmental disorder (autism spectrum disorder, intellectual developmental disorder) based on DSM-5 criteria.

Treatment and study plan

Tasked based functional MRI (fMRI)

Other

2-3 brief computer tasks while brain activity is being measured. The tasks performed will involve making button press responses to letters, numbers or shapes on the computer screen.

Eye Tracking Device

Other

Camera aimed at eyes to record eye movements during tasks

Primary outcomes

Brain activation in relation to sensory phenomena severity in patients with OCD

Time frame: 4 Hours

Statistical modeling using path analysis will test whether brain activation, functional connectivity, and diffusion measures predict Sensory Phenomena (SP) better than alternative models of predictive influence.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

NYU Langone Health

Other

Registry information

Important dates

Study start: 2018
Primary completion: 2024
Study completion: 2024
First posted: Mar 1, 2018
Registry last updated: Jul 26, 2024

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

Published trials that share one or more normalized conditions with this study.

Completed