Neoadjuvant Triplet Chemotherapy Regimen in Patients With Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer

In this pilot phase II study, the investigators enrolled Chinese adults(age 18 to 70 years) with locally advanced stage II/III rectal cancer. The neuadjuvant chemotherapy regimen is : oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 and irinotecan 150 mg/m2, combined with 5FU 2,400 mg/m2 by 46 h infusion, repeated at 2week intervals for 5 cycles. Total mesorectal excision was scheduled 4-5 weeks after completion of neoadjuvant treatment and followed by a further 7 cycles of mFOLFOX or 4 cycles of XELOX. Primary outcome measures of this phase II trial were feasibility, safety, tolerance and efficacy of neoadjuvant treatment.

Inclusion criteria

• Histologically confirmed locally advanced rectal cancer;
• 18-70 years ；
• Clinicalstage:T3,4a,N0,M0;T1-4a,N+,M0;
• Tumor from anus >5cm and ≤15cm;
• ECOG=0-1;
• Available organ function:ALT≤1.5xULN;AST≤1.5xULN;TBIL≤1.0xULN; NEUT≥2×109/L;PLT≥100×109/L;Hb≥90g/L;Creatinine≤1.0xULN;
• Informed consent;
• UGT1A1:UGT1A1*1/UGT1A1*1,UGT1A1*1/UGT1A1*28,UGT1A1*1/UGT1A1*6;

Exclusion criteria

• Clinical stage T4b or unresectable disease;
• History of pelvic radiotherapy;
• History of chemotherapy within 5 years;
• History of chronic diarrhea;
• Tumor causes intestinal obstruction, intestinal perforation, and severe bleeding;
• Hepatitis B surface antigen positive; Hepatitis C virus infection; Cirrhosis of the liver for any cause;
• UGT1A1:UGT1A1*28/UGT1A1*28,UGT1A1*6/UGT1A1*6;
• Other cancers in the past 5 years, except for cervical carcinoma in situ or non-melanoma skin cancer;
• Myocardial infarction (in the last 6 months), severe instability angina, congestive heart failure; interstitial pneumonia,pulmonary fibrosis, uncontrolled diabetes, renal insufficiency;
• Mental illness;Pregnant or lactating women;