Neoadjuvant Letrozole in Postmenopausal Women With Hormone Receptor-Positive, HER2-Negative, Node Positive, Early-Stage Breast Cancer.

What is this study about?

This clinical trial is studying the use of letrozole, a hormone therapy medicine, in postmenopausal women with early-stage breast cancer that:

• Has spread to nearby lymph nodes,
• Is hormone receptor-positive (ER and/or PR positive), and
• Is HER2-negative. Letrozole is already widely used to treat hormone-positive breast cancer. In this study, it is given before surgery for a longer period than usual (one year) to see how well it works in shrinking cancer in the underarm (axillary) lymph nodes.

Why is this study being done? Many women with breast cancer that has spread to lymph nodes need axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), a surgery that removes many lymph nodes and can cause long-term side effects such as arm swelling (lymphedema), pain, and reduced arm movement.

This study aims to find out whether one year of letrozole treatment before surgery can:

• Eliminate cancer from the lymph nodes in some patients, and
• Reduce or avoid the need for extensive lymph node surgery.

Who can take part in this study?

Participants must:

• Be postmenopausal women aged 18-69 years,
• Have early-stage breast cancer (tumor size T1-T2),
• Have cancer in nearby lymph nodes (N1),
• Have hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer,
• Not have received prior chemotherapy or hormone therapy for this cancer. What treatment will participants receive?

All participants will receive:

• Letrozole 2.5 mg, taken once daily by mouth,
• For a total duration of one year before surgery. There is no placebo and no comparison group in this study.

What will happen during the study?

• Screening and Baseline

• Medical history, physical examination
• Blood tests and breast/axillary imaging (ultrasound, mammography)
• Confirmation of eligibility
• Treatment Phase (1 year)

• Daily oral letrozole
• Regular follow-up visits for:

Clinical assessments Imaging of lymph nodes Monitoring side effects

• Surgery and Follow-up

• Surgical evaluation of lymph nodes
• Pathology testing to see if cancer remains
• Follow-up for up to two years to monitor recurrence and survival

What are the main goals of the study? Primary goal

• To determine how many patients have no remaining cancer in the axillary lymph nodes (pathological complete response) after one year of letrozole treatment.
• To assess whether lymph node shrinkage may allow patients to avoid axillary lymph node dissection.

Secondary goals

• To measure:

• Local or regional cancer recurrence,
• Spread of cancer to distant organs,
• Overall survival and disease-free survival,
• Safety and side effects of long-term letrozole use.
• To evaluate how well ultrasound imaging predicts lymph node response to treatment.

How many participants will be included? A total of 126 patients will take part in this study.

Why is this study important?

If successful, this study may:

• Reduce the need for extensive lymph node surgery,
• Lower the risk of long-term surgical complications,
• Support a less invasive treatment approach for selected patients with hormone-positive breast cancer.

The results could help improve future treatment strategies for postmenopausal women with early-stage, node-positive breast cancer.

Inclusion criteria

• Age: Patients aged 18 to 69 years.
• Menopausal Status: All patients must be postmenopausal, confirmed by serum estradiol levels or other clinical criteria.
• Diagnosis: Histologically confirmed infiltrating ductal carcinoma of any grade.
• Tumor Size: Primary tumor (T) category of T1 or T2 according to AJCC 8th edition, as measured by ultrasonography (USG) and mammography.
• Node Involvement: N1 disease documented by clinical examination and USG, with histopathology confirmed by fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) or core needle biopsy.
• Hormone Receptor Status: Patients must be estrogen receptor (ER) positive and progesterone receptor (PR) positive/negative, with HER2 status negative.

Exclusion criteria

• Age: Patients aged under 18 or over 69 years.
• Tumor Size: Patients with a primary tumor larger than T2 >5cm or with N2 disease.
• Histological Type: Infiltrating lobular carcinoma or other non-invasive breast cancer types.
• Prior Treatments: Previous treatment with neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET) or neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT).
• Comorbidities: Significant comorbidities that preclude administration of anesthesia or compromise patient safety.
• Disease Characteristics: Patients with multicentric or multifocal disease, as defined by imaging or histopathological findings.