Nasotracheal Intubation in Critically Ill.

In the intensive care unit endotracheal intubation and consecutive mechanical ventilation are required for different surgical procedures, examinations and interventions in the ICU or due to respiratory insufficiency. Commonly, intubation is performed orotracheally by direct laryngoscopy after preoxygenation and administration of narcotics and a muscle relaxant. When using this technique sedation is often necessary for tolerance of the orotracheal tube. To avoid the adverse side effects of sedation and mechanical ventilation as for example hypotension, barotrauma, ventilator associated pneumonia, etc., intubation via a nasotracheal approach might be favorable. Retrospective data show that nasotracheal intubation is associated with fewer sedatives, vasopressors, and a higher rate of spontaneous breathing. As there is a paucity of data concerning the use of nasotracheal intubation in the intensive care setting the investigators aim to compare the use of orotracheal and nasotracheal tubes in a prospective randomized trial, using sedation depth as primary outcome measure.

Inclusion criteria

• Age ≥ 18
• Patients requiring tracheal intubation during their intensive care stay.

Exclusion criteria

• orotracheal or nasotracheal route of intubation technically not possible (e.g. confirmed indication for awake fiberoptic intubation due to expected difficult airway)
• tracheal intubation indicated for deep sedation (e.g. treatment of elevated intracranial pressure)
• thrombocytopenia < 50/nl or other risk factors for bleeding
• pregnant or breastfeeding women
• denial of consent