Music Therapy's Effect on Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy

This study is a single-blind randomized controlled trial 20202020evaluating the effect of music therapy in managing the emotional and physical difficulties experienced by cancer patients who are newly starting curative radiotherapy (RT).Study Site: The study will take place at the Kocaeli University Hospital Radiation Oncology Unit.Objectives: The primary aim is to examine the effect of music therapy on anxiety, stress, pain, and patient satisfaction, and to determine how it can improve the RT experience.Intervention Application:Timing and Duration: Music therapy will be administered during the first RT session in sessions lasting 15-20 minutes. (Literature reports that $<20$ minutes reduces anxiety ).Provider: The intervention will be administered by a certified music therapist. Music Selection: Patients will be asked to choose music that has a meditative effect, is instrumental (without lyrics), and lacks peaks (sudden attacks), based on their preference and inclination. The music options provided will include Far Eastern music, music accompanied by a light-beat rhythm instrument (bendir), Ney-heavy Mesnevi music with meditative effects, and meditative Saba makam music.Listening Method: The patient's selected music will be played via headphones for 15 minutes before the session, and as ambient listening during the session. For patients with head and neck or brain cancer, only ambient listening will be used during the procedure for consistency.Data Collection and Timeline:Measurement Location: Measurements will be taken by researchers at the Kocaeli University Radiation Oncology Unit.Study Duration: The study starts on December 1, 2025, and ends on January31, 2026, with a total duration of 7 months.

Statistical Analysis:The collected data will be analyzed using the following methods: Between-group comparisons: Independent Sample T-test or Mann-Whitney U test37.Pre-post changes: Repeated Measures ANOVA.The significance level is set at $p<0.05.

Inclusion criteria

• Must be a cancer patient 18 years of age or older.
• Must be newly starting curative external radiotherapy.
• Must volunteer to participate in the study and sign the Informed Consent form.

Exclusion criteria

• Having an advanced stage psychiatric disorder (e.g., schizophrenia).
• Having hearing loss.
• Having a prior history of an adverse reaction to music therapy.
• Receiving radiotherapy for palliative (symptom relief) purposes.
• Having received radiotherapy previously (for reasons such as brachytherapy, a different type of cancer, or recurrence).