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Completed

NCT Number: NCT06511843

Music for Pain in the Waiting Room

This is a single-site, three-arm, parallel-group randomized clinical trial (RCT). The clinical effects of two, 4-minute, audio-recorded, music interventions (one with lyrics and the other without) for orthopedic patients will be investigated relative to a 4-minute audio-recoding about pain psychoeducation.

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Key information

Conditions

Pain, Acute Acute Pain Neurologic Manifestations Pain Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms Signs and Symptoms

Age range

18 year and older

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Tallahassee Orthopedic Clinic (TOC)

Tallahassee, Florida, 32308, United States

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Age ≥18
  • Seeking treatment at the Tallahassee Orthopedic Center

Exclusion criteria

  • Cognitive impairment preventing completion of study procedures.
  • Other unstable illness judged by research staff to interfere with study involvement.

Treatment and study plan

Pain Coping Information

Behavioral

A 4-minute audio recording providing common pain coping techniques (e.g., ice, rest, medication, surgery).

Lyrical Music

Behavioral

A 4-minute audio recording of Leonard Cohen's song "Hallelujah" sung by Rufus Wainwright with choral accompaniment.

Instrumental music

Behavioral

A 4-minute audio recording of instrumental, theta wave music.

Primary outcomes

  1. Change in Pain Unpleasantness Numeric Rating Scale

    Time frame: Immediately before to after 4-minute audio recording

    Single Likert scale item ranging from 0-10, with 0 indicating no pain and 10 representing the most unpleasant pain imaginable.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Change in Pain Intensity Numeric Rating Scale

    Time frame: Immediately before to after 4-minute audio recording

    Single Likert scale item ranging from 0-10, with 0 indicating no pain and 10 representing the most intense pain imaginable.

  2. Change in Anxiety Numeric Rating Scale

    Time frame: Immediately before to after 4-minute audio recording

    Single Likert scale item ranging from 0-10, with 0 indicating no anxiety and 10 representing severe anxiety,

Other outcomes

  1. Change in Self-Transcendent State

    Time frame: Immediately before to after 4-minute audio recording

    Self-transcendent state will be measured by the three-item, state version of the validated Nondual Awareness Dimensional Assessment. These three items will be scored on a Likert scale ranging from 0-10, with higher scores representing greater self-transcendence.

  2. Experience of Emotional Chills

    Time frame: Immediately after 4-minute audio recording

    Emotional chills and goosebumps will be measured with two items, each scored on a 0 to 10 Likert type scale. Higher score represent more chills/goosebumps.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Florida State University

Other

Registry information

Official study title

Examining Brief, Music Interventions for Acute Pain in the X-Ray Waiting Room

Important dates

Study start
2024
Primary completion
2024
Study completion
2024
First posted
Jul 22, 2024
Registry last updated
Mar 21, 2025

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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