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Completed

NCT Number: NCT07434830

Multidimensional Predictors of Balance in Healthy Young Adults

Brief Summary (for ClinicalTrials.gov) This cross-sectional observational study aims to identify independent determinants of static and dynamic balance in healthy young adults using a multidimensional assessment framework. A total of 119 healthy participants (mean age 22.6 ± 1.5 years; 61.3% female) completed standardized static balance tests (Stork Balance Test and Tandem Stance Test under eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions) and a dynamic balance test (Y-Balance Test for right and left limbs). Candidate explanatory factors include foot posture (Foot Posture Index-6), body composition assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis, general muscle strength (dominant hand grip strength), weight-bearing ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (knee-to-wall/weight-bearing lunge test), functional lower-limb strength (30-second sit-to-stand test), sex, and cognitive performance (Stroop Test Part 5). Multiple linear regression model (enter method) was used to determine which factors independently predict static and dynamic balance outcomes. Findings are expected to clarify which structural, functional, and cognitive variables most strongly contribute to balance performance in healthy young adults, informing targeted assessment and prevention strategies.

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Key information

Conditions

Healthy Adult Balance Assessment

Age range

18 year–30 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Observational

Primary location

Pamukkale University

Antalya, Konyaaltı, 07070, Turkey (Türkiye)

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • age 18-30 years
  • absence of lower extremity
  • absence of vestibular pathology
  • willingness to participate.

Exclusion criteria

  • neurological or neuromuscular disorders
  • leg length discrepancy >5 mm
  • visual or auditory impairment
  • history of middle ear infection in the last 6 months
  • recent (<6 months) lower extremity injury
  • Having a fracture
  • Having surgery
  • Having tinnitus
  • Having a persistent headache
  • Current use of medications that may influence balance

Treatment and study plan

Participants did not receive any intervention as part of the study; they only underwent assessments.

Diagnostic Test

Participants completed standardized static balance tests (Stork Balance Test and Tandem Stance Test under eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions) and dynamic balance assessments using the Y-Balance Test for both right and left limbs. In addition, the following measurements were obtained: foot posture (Foot Posture Index-6), body composition via bioelectrical impedance analysis, general muscle strength (dominant hand grip strength), weight-bearing ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (knee-to-wall/weight-bearing lunge test), functional lower-limb strength (30-second sit-to-stand test), sex, and cognitive performance (Stroop Test Part 5).

Primary outcomes

  1. Stork Balance Test (Eyes Open and Eyes Closed) Time

    Time frame: At a single study visit (baseline)

    Time (seconds) maintained in the Stork Balance Test under eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions. Higher values indicate better static balance.

  2. Tandem Stance Test (Eyes Open and Eyes Closed) Time

    Time frame: At a single study visit (baseline)

    Time (seconds) maintained in the Tandem Stance Test under eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions. Higher values indicate better static balance.

  3. Y-Balance Test Composite Score (Right and Left)

    Time frame: At a single study visit (baseline)

    Y-Balance Test composite score (%) for the right and left lower limbs, calculated from reach distances and normalized to limb length. Higher values indicate better dynamic balance.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Foot Posture Index-6 (FPI-6)

    Time frame: Baseline (single assessment session)

    Foot posture assessed using the Foot Posture Index-6. Outcome: total FPI-6 score (-12 to +12), with higher scores indicating a more pronated foot posture.

  2. Knee-to-Wall Test (KTW)

    Time frame: Baseline (single assessment session)

    Ankle mobility was assessed with the Knee-to-Wall Test (KTW). In this test, functional dorsiflexion flexibility was measured using a tape measure placed on the tip of the foot while the participant attempted to touch the wall with the knee without heel lift.

  3. 30-Second Sit-to-Stand Test

    Time frame: Baseline (single assessment session)

    Number of full sit-to-stand repetitions completed in 30 seconds. Higher counts indicate better functional lower-limb strength/endurance.

  4. Dominant Hand Grip Strength

    Time frame: Baseline (single assessment session)

    General muscle strength was assessed via dominant hand grip strength measurement. Dominant hand grip strength measured using a hand dynamometer. Outcome: mean grip strength (kg) across three trials. Higher values indicate greater general muscle strength.

  5. Stroop Test

    Time frame: Baseline (single assessment session)

    Cognitive performance was tested with the Stroop Test-Part 5. In this section, participants were required to name the ink color of incongruent color words rather than reading the words. Completion time was recorded with a stopwatch.

  6. Fat Mass (kilograms) measured by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis

    Time frame: Baseline (single assessment session)

    Fat mass is measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (Tanita body composition analyzer) and reported in kilograms.

  7. Skeletal Muscle Mass (kilograms) measured by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis

    Time frame: Baseline (single assessment session)

    Skeletal muscle mass is measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (Tanita body composition analyzer) and reported in kilograms.

  8. Bone Mass (kilograms) measured by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis

    Time frame: Baseline (single assessment session)

    Bone mass is measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (Tanita body composition analyzer) and reported in kilograms.

  9. Total Body Water (kilograms) measured by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis

    Time frame: Baseline (single assessment session)

    Total body water is measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (Tanita body composition analyzer) and reported in kilograms.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Akdeniz University

Other

Collaborators

  • Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University
  • Pamukkale University

Registry information

Official study title

Determinants of Static and Dynamic Balance in Healthy Young Adults: A Multidimensional Observational Study

Important dates

Study start
2025
Primary completion
2026
Study completion
2026
First posted
Feb 27, 2026
Registry last updated
Feb 27, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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