Multicenter Study of Combined Chemotherapy and Transplantation for Adult ALL

• Intervention Measures 1.1 Induction Therapy Regimen

VICP+VEN regimen:

• Vindesine: 3 mg/m²/day (max 4 mg), administered on days 1, 8, 15, 22.
• Idarubicin (IDA): 8 mg/m², days 1, 8, 15, 22.
• Cyclophosphamide (CTX): 500 mg/m², days 7, 21.
• Prednisone: 1 mg/kg/day, days 1-14; 0.5 mg/kg/day, days 15-28
• Venetoclax (VEN) 8-day ramp-up: Day 1: 100 mg, Day 2: 200 mg, Days 3-8: 400 mg/day 1.2 Pre-Treatment Regimen

Indications for pre-treatment:

• WBC ≥30×10⁹/L, or significant hepatosplenomegaly/lymphadenopathy.
• Laboratory signs of tumor lysis syndrome (e.g., electrolyte abnormalities).

Pre-treatment protocol:

• Glucocorticoids (e.g., prednisone or dexamethasone): Prednisone 1 mg/kg/day (PO/IV) for 3-5 days.
• Optional addition of CTX: 200 mg/m²/day IV for 3-5 days. 1.3 Post-CR Treatment

Principles:

• MRD-positive or rising: Administer blinatumomab (CD19/CD3 bispecific antibody) for residual disease clearance, followed by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).
• MRD-negative/unknown: Continue multi-agent chemotherapy ± blinatumomab consolidation. Allo-HSCT for patients with high-risk clinical/genetic features.

1.4 Post-CR Consolidation Regimens

① Hyper-CVAD-B (Methotrexate/Cytarabine-based):

• Methotrexate (MTX): 1 g/m² IV over 24h (Day 1) with urine alkalinization (pH >7.0) and leucovorin rescue.
• Cytarabine (Ara-C): 1 g/m² IV q12h (Days 2-3; total 4 doses).
• Dexamethasone: 40 mg/day (PO/IV, Days 1-4).
• Cycle interval: 21-28 days (alternating with other regimens).

• CAM Regimen:
• CTX: 750 mg/m² IV (split over 2 days).
• Ara-C: 75 mg/m²/dose (8 days; 1-2 doses/day IV; if once daily, administer 5 days/week × 2 weeks).
• 6-MP: 50-75 mg/m²/day fasting (7-14 days PO). 1.5 Transplant-Eligible Subsequent Therapy
• Allo-HSCT for eligible patients after induction.
• Conditioning regimen: TBI-VP16-CY.
• Donor priority: HLA-matched sibling donor (MSD), Matched unrelated donor (MUD), Haploidentical donor (Haplo). (Consider age/donor health status).

1.6 Allo-HSCT Protocol 1.6.1 Conditioning Regimen (TBI-VP16-Cy/ATG):

• TBI: 5 Gy (Days -7 to -6).
• VP16: 10 mg/kg/day (Days -5 to -4).
• CTX: 30 mg/kg/day (Days -3 to -2).
• ATG: 7.5 mg/kg/day (Days -5 to -2). 1.6.2 GVHD Prophylaxis:
• Basiliximab (anti-CD25 mAb): 50 mg (Days +1, +4).
• Standard regimen: Cyclosporine (CsA): IV: 2 mg/kg/day (start Day -9; target level 150-250 μg/L). PO: 3-5 mg/kg/day BID (switch delayed until Day +10 if no aGVHD); Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) + short-course methotrexate.

1.7 Non-Transplant Maintenance Therapy

Options:

• Hyper-CVAD-B (Methotrexate/Cytarabine-based):

• Methotrexate (MTX): 1 g/m² IV over 24h (Day 1) with urine alkalinization (pH >7.0) and leucovorin rescue.

• Cytarabine (Ara-C): 1 g/m² IV q12h (Days 2-3; total 4 doses).

• Dexamethasone: 40 mg/day (PO/IV, Days 1-4).
• Cycle interval: 21-28 days (alternating with other regimens).

• CAM Regimen:
• CTX: 750 mg/m² IV (split over 2 days).
• Ara-C: 75 mg/m²/dose (8 days; 1-2 doses/day IV; if once daily, administer 5 days/week × 2 weeks).
• 6-MP: 50-75 mg/m²/day fasting (7-14 days PO).

• Maintenance (6-MP/MTX alternating with V-Dex): 6-MP: 75 mg/m²/day at bedtime (Days 1-21); MTX: 20 mg/m² IM weekly × 3 weeks.*Adjust doses to maintain WBC ~3×10⁹/L, ANC 1.0-1.5×10⁹/L.*

Inclusion criteria

• Age: 18 to 60 years；
• Diagnosis must comply with the Chinese Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2024 Edition), requiring MICM (Morphology, Immunology, Cytogenetics, and Molecular genetics) integration and WHO 2022 (5th edition) classification standards. The minimal diagnostic workup must include morphological assessment and immunophenotyping to differentiate ALL from acute myeloid leukemia (AML). All patients shall undergo bone marrow aspiration plus biopsy at initial diagnosis. A definitive ALL diagnosis requires ≥20% blasts/immature lymphocytes in bone marrow (Note: Patients with <20% blasts due to fever or glucocorticoid pretreatment require comprehensive evaluation incorporating medical history and ancillary tests for differential diagnosis)；
• ECOG Performance Status: 0-2

Exclusion criteria

• Intracranial hemorrhage
• Pregnancy
• Psychiatric disorders or other conditions compromising protocol compliance
• Severe cardiac arrhythmia with ECG abnormalities (QTc >500 ms)