Multi-domain Online Therapeutic Investigation Of Neurocognition (MOTION)

The Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale is a brief neuropsychological assessment used to assess the severity of cognitive symptoms of dementia. ADAS-cog scores range from 0-70, with higher scores (≥ 18) indicating greater cognitive impairment.

The Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale is a brief neuropsychological assessment used to assess the severity of cognitive symptoms of dementia. ADAS-cog scores range from 0-70, with higher scores (≥ 18) indicating greater cognitive impairment.

The default mode network (DMN) is a system of connected brain areas that show increased activity when a person is not focused on what is happening around them. Instead, the DMN is especially active when a person is engaged in introspective activities (e.g., daydreaming, or contemplating the past or future). Research suggests that the DMN is disrupted in people with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Functional connectivity can be defined as the similarity between brain signals that arise from two anatomically separated brain regions. Similarity between the brain signals can be analyzed using Pearson's correlation.

The stories subtest of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) will be used to assess auditory memory. Raw scores will be transformed to z-scores (with a mean of 0 and standard deviation of 1) for each test score of interest across all participants. Thus the sample mean (across all arms) is zero for each test score. The z-scores were then averaged to produce a composite scores. Higher scores are indicative of better performance.

The stories subtest of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) will be used to assess auditory memory. Raw scores will be transformed to z-scores (with a mean of 0 and standard deviation of 1) for each test score of interest across all participants. Thus the sample mean (across all arms) is zero for each test score. The z-scores were then averaged to produce a composite scores. Higher scores are indicative of better performance.

Neuropsychological tests will included the following domains: Attention/Executive Function (Trail Making Test A and B, Stroop Interference [Golden version])

Raw scores will be transformed to z-scores (with a mean of 0 and standard deviation of 1) for each test score of interest across all participants. Thus the sample mean (across all arms) is zero for each test score. The z-scores will be averaged to produce composite scores. Higher scores are indicative of better performance.

Neuropsychological tests will included the following domains: Attention/Executive Function (Trail Making Test A and B, Stroop Interference [Golden version])

Raw scores will be transformed to z-scores (with a mean of 0 and standard deviation of 1) for each test score of interest across all participants. Thus the sample mean (across all arms) is zero for each test score. The z-scores will be averaged to produce composite scores. Higher scores are indicative of better performance.

Controlled Oral Word Association test (FAS). Raw scores will be transformed to z-scores (with a mean of 0 and standard deviation of 1) for each test score of interest across all participants. Thus the sample mean (across all arms) is zero for each test score. Higher scores are indicative of better performance.

Controlled Oral Word Association test (FAS). Raw scores will be transformed to z-scores (with a mean of 0 and standard deviation of 1) for each test score of interest across all participants. Thus the sample mean (across all arms) is zero for each test score. Higher scores are indicative of better performance.

Processing speed will be assessed with the coding subtest of RBANS as well as the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Raw scores will be transformed to z-scores (with a mean of 0 and standard deviation of 1) for each test score of interest across all participants. Thus the sample mean (across all arms) is zero for each test score. The z-scores will be averaged to produce composite scores. Higher scores are indicative of better performance.

Processing speed will be assessed with the coding subtest of RBANS as well as the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Raw scores will be transformed to z-scores (with a mean of 0 and standard deviation of 1) for each test score of interest across all participants. Thus the sample mean (across all arms) is zero for each test score. The z-scores will be averaged to produce composite scores. Higher scores are indicative of better performance.

Mobility will be assessed with the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, which assesses the time it takes participants to stand up from a chair, walk 3 meters, turn around, walk back to the chair and sit down. In addition, we will assess steady-state gait during 90 seconds of continuous over-ground walking at normal preferred speed, with and without the addition of a dual task challenge (counting backward by one or by two).

Mobility will be assessed with the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, which assesses the time it takes participants to stand up from a chair, walk 3 meters, turn around, walk back to the chair and sit down. In addition, we will assess steady-state gait during 90 seconds of continuous over-ground walking at normal preferred speed, with and without the addition of a dual task challenge (counting backward by one or by two).

The Salience Network consists of a network of brain regions whose cortical hubs are the anterior cingulate and ventral anterior insular (i.e., frontoinsular) cortices. This network also includes nodes in the amygdala, hypothalamus, ventral striatum, thalamus, and specific brainstem nuclei.

The Language Network consists of a group of left-lateralized frontal and temporal brain regions that responds to written/spoken/signed words and sentences, but not to mental arithmetic, music perception, executive function tasks, or action/gesture perception.

The PROMIS-29 includes seven HRQoL domains: Physical Functioning, Anxiety, Depression, Fatigue, Sleep Disturbance, Social Functioning, and Pain). The pain domain has two subdomains (interference and intensity). Each of the 7 domains has four 5-level items (i.e., 16 decrements each). In addition to these items, pain intensity is assessed using a single 11-point numeric rating scale anchored between no pain (0) and worse imaginable pain (10), adding 10 additional decrements.

The PROMIS-29 includes seven HRQoL domains: Physical Functioning, Anxiety, Depression, Fatigue, Sleep Disturbance, Social Functioning, and Pain). The pain domain has two subdomains (interference and intensity). Each of the 7 domains has four 5-level items (i.e., 16 decrements each). In addition to these items, pain intensity is assessed using a single 11-point numeric rating scale anchored between no pain (0) and worse imaginable pain (10), adding 10 additional decrements.

We will examine 3 measures of body awareness: Interoceptive attention is the ability to sustain and control attention to body sensations. Interoceptive self-regulation is the ability to regulate distress by attention to body sensations. These two measures will be assessed with MAIA-2 self-report questionnaire. We will also utilize the Body Awareness portion of the Body Experience Questionnaire to measure interoceptive attention/awareness.

We will examine 3 measures of body awareness: Interoceptive attention is the ability to sustain and control attention to body sensations. Interoceptive self-regulation is the ability to regulate distress by attention to body sensations. These two measures will be assessed with MAIA-2 self-report questionnaire. We will also utilize the Body Awareness portion of the Body Experience Questionnaire to measure interoceptive attention/awareness.

Mindfulness will be assessed with the Freiburg Mindfulness Index (FMI), a valid and reliable 30-item questionnaire measuring mindfulness.

Mindfulness will be assessed with the Freiburg Mindfulness Index (FMI), a valid and reliable 30-item questionnaire measuring mindfulness.