Monocytes in Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease

The monocyte response from patients with T1D CKD will be compared to monocytes from T1D subjects without CKD as a control. Potential subjects will be recruited from existing Cleveland Clinic patients or the community. The study will entail an initial phone screen followed by a formal screening visit to determine eligibility. Eligible subjects will return for a study visit within 4 weeks for a blood draw. There is no intervention. This will complete the study for subjects unless the investigators do not obtain enough monocytes from the initial blood draw to complete the requisite lab studies. If this occurs, the investigators will ask the patient to return for a repeat study visit. All endpoints evaluating monocyte and podocyte injury will be conducted in the lab ex vivo.

Inclusion criteria

• T1D CKD subjects:

• Adults, males or females diagnosed with T1D
• Age 18-65 years
• Diagnosed with CKD (eGFR 60-90 ml/min/1.73 m2)
• Diagnosed with albuminuria (UACR 30-500 mg/g)
• On insulin injections or pump
• On CGM

Based on baseline CGM metrics, the investigators will stratify subjects to 2 groups Group A (Lower TIR group): TIR<60%, A1c 7.5-9.5 Group B (Higher TIR group): TIR>70% A1c 5.0-7.0

• Controls: T1D subjects without CKD

• Adults, males or females diagnosed with T1D
• Age 18-65 years
• No CKD (eGFR >90 ml/min/1.73 m2)
• No albuminuria (UACR <30 mg/g)
• On insulin injections or pump
• On CGM

Based on baseline CGM metrics, the investigators will stratify subjects to 2 groups Group A (Lower TIR group): TIR<60%, A1c 7.5-9.5 Group B (Higher TIR group): TIR>70% A1c 5.0-7.0

Exclusion criteria

• Hemoglobin <9
• On GLP-1 agonist or DPP4 inhibitor or sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors use within 30 days
• pregnancy or plans to become pregnant
• On steroids
• Diagnosed with cancer, immunosuppression/autoimmune conditions
• Reported heavy alcohol use or recreational drug use
• Any condition which jeopardizes patient safety or affects monocytes at physician's discretion