Monitoring Nutritional Consequences of Obesity Treatment on Women's Health

The analysis of body composition parameters using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Raw BIA parameters such as reactance, resistance and phase angle as well as derived parameters including fat-free mass, fat mass and total body water are recorded.

Maximal handgrip strength out of three repetitions with both the dominant and non-dominant hand.

The time in seconds it takes a participant to stand-up from a seated position and sit-down 5 times without using their hands.

Total body and hip bone mineral density measured with a DEXA scan.

Total lean mass and appendicular lean mass assessed with a DEXA scan.

The maximum of 5 repetitions at a constant angle speeds of 60 degrees per second in an isokinetic dynamometer.

The work accomplished during 15 repetitions at 180 degrees/second in a isokinetic dynamometer.

P1NP (Total procollagen type 1-teriminal propeptide) measured in a venous blood sample.

CTX (type-1 collagen) measured in a venous blood sample.

The proton density fat fraction of the bone marrow obtained through an MRI scan.

The proton density fat fraction of the muscle in the low back and upper thigh obtained through an MRI scan.

Assessed through a food-frequency questionnaire.

Assessed with the TRAQQ app, a mobile phone application that performs 9 2 -h recalls on 3 days.

Presence of nutrient deficiencies.

Neonatal birth weight, weight-for-age percentile and classification of small-for-gestational age.

Speed of Sound in measured in the calcaneus with a quantitative ultrasound machine.

Broadband ultrasound attenuation in measured in the calcaneus with a quantitative ultrasound machine.

Assessed through the Eetscore, a brief food-frequency questionnaire.

Presence of nutrient deficiencies measured in cord blood collected after birth.

Biparietal diameter measured during prenatal ultrasounds.

Abdominal circumference measured during the prenatal ultrasounds.

Femur length measured during the prenatal ultrasounds.

Head circumference measured during the prenatal ultrasounds.

Frontal occipital diameter measured during the prenatal ultrasounds.

Estimated based on prenatal ultrasounds.

Participants in the birth cohort will fill in a general questionnaire with questions about body length, height and weight as well as other developmental aspects.

Assessed using the Pitsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The minimum and maximum values of this index are 0 and 21 respectively. Higher scores indicate poorer sleep quality.

Assessed using the Short QUestionnaire to ASsess Health-enhancing physical activity (SQUASH). The results can be expressed as minutes per week spend on physical activity or a metabolic equivalent task (MET) score. A higher MET score indicates more intense physical activity. The minimum MET score is 1. There is no official upper limit of the MET score.

Assess using an accelerometer (Actigraph). The accelerometer was worn during 7 days at each follow-up measurement.

Assess using an accelerometer (Actigraph). The accelerometer was worn during 7 days at each follow-up measurement.

Assess using an accelerometer (Actigraph). The accelerometer was worn during 7 days at each follow-up measurement.

Assess using an accelerometer (Actigraph). The accelerometer was worn during 7 days at each follow-up measurement.

Assess using an accelerometer (Actigraph). The accelerometer was worn during 7 days at each follow-up measurement.

Assess using an accelerometer (Actigraph). The accelerometer was worn during 7 days at each follow-up measurement.

Assess using an accelerometer (Actigraph). The accelerometer was worn during 7 days at each follow-up measurement.

Assess using an accelerometer (Actigraph). The accelerometer was worn during 7 days at each follow-up measurement.

Assessed using a custom made questionnaire containing questions about menstrual history, dysmenorrhoea, menstrual complaints, bleeding and choice of contraceptives.

Assessed using a custom made questionnaire containing questions menopausal complaints and the use of hormones.

Assessed with the gastrointestinal symptom rating scale (GSRS). The minimum score is 15 and the maximum score is 105. Higher score indicate worse gastrointestinal symptoms.

Assessed with the Rome VI criteria.

Assessed with the Sigstad score. The mimimum and maximum values of the score are -5 and 25 respectively. Scores greater or equal to 7 indicate that dumping syndrome is likely. Higher scores indicates more and more severe dumping syndrome symptoms.

Assessed with the Arts dumping score questionnaire. The minimum and maximum score of the score are 0 and 26 respectively. Higher scores indicate more severe dumping syndrome symptoms.

Assessed with the quality of alimentation questionnaire.

Assessed with the Bristol stool chart. The chart indicates the form and consistency of the stool with 7 distinct types. From hard lumps (type 1) to watery stools (type 7).

Assessed with the pregnancy symptoms inventory (PSI). This inventory include two subscales. The Frequency of Pregnancy Symptoms score ranges from 0 to 126, and the Limitation of Daily Activities score ranges from 42 to 126. Higher scores indicate more frequent symptoms and more severe limitation of daily activities.

Assessed with a disease specific quality of life questionnaire called the OBESI-Q. The score ranges from 0 to 100 with higher scores indicating better quality of life.

Assessed with the Centre of Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). The score ranges from 0 to 60 with higher scores indicating more severe depressive symptoms.

Assessed with the Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSE). The score ranges between 0 and 30 with higher scores indicating better self-esteem.

Assessed with the eating disorder examination questionnaire (EDE-Q).

Assessed with the Edinburg postnatal depression scale (EPDS). The score ranges from 0 to 30 with higher scores indicating more severe depression symptoms.

Assessed in by extracting DNA from collected stool samples.

The macro and micronutrient content of human milk samples.

Assessed in spot urine samples. The second urine of the day is collected.

Height measured in cm with a stadiometer.

Measured in cm at the midpoint between the top of the hip bone and bottom of the rib cage with a non-elastic tape measure. Average of two measurements is used.

Measured in cm at the height of the greater trochanter with a non-elastic tape measure. Average of two measurements is used.

Weight measured in kg with calibrated scales.

Participants complete a general questionnaire to gather information on sociodemographic factors, medical conditions or complications, medications, smoking, alcohol consumption and drug use.

Participants in the birth cohort complete a general questionnaire to gather information on sociodemographic factors, medical history, medications, smoking, alcohol consumption, drug use, and progression of the pregnancy.

Total fat mass assessed with a DEXA scan.

The proton density fat fraction of the muscle in the liver obtained through an MRI scan.