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NCT Number: NCT07087496

Mobile Augmented Reality Learning On Insulin Administration Knowledge And Skills Of Patients

The goal of this study to determine the effectiveness of insulin administration with augmented reality on increasing the knowledge and skills of patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes on insulin administrations, determining patients' satisfaction with education and comparing the following two strategies: education with the Mobile Augmented Reality and education with the brochure.

* Is Mobile augmented reality application effective on the knowledge scores and insulin application skills of patients with type 2 diabetes on insulin applications? * Does training with a mobile augmented reality application affect patients' satisfaction with patient education? * Other patients with type 2 diabetes were given insulin administration training with a brochure prepared by the researcher. All patients who participated in the study were evaluated for insulin administration knowledge and skills after the training.

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Key information

Conditions

Diabete Type 2 Augmented Reality Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 Endocrine System Diseases Glucose Metabolism Disorders Metabolic Diseases Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases Patient Education Patient Education Materials

Age range

18 year and older

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

İzmir Bakırçay University Çiğli Education and Research Hospital

Izmir, Turkey (Türkiye)

About this study

The study was aimed at determining the effectiveness of insulin administration with augmented reality on increasing the knowledge and skills of patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes on insulin administrations, determining patients' satisfaction with education and comparing the following two strategies: education with the Mobile Augmented Reality and education with the brochure.

Methods: The study was conducted between November 1, 2023 and December 31, 2024 with patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes who volunteered to participate in the study and were hospitalized in the first and second wards of the Internal Medicine Department of a state hospital (n=100).

In this quasi-experimental study with the pre-test and post-test design, the participants were allocated into two groups. While the participants in The Intervention Group 1 were given education on insulin administration with a brochure in line with the literature, the participants in the Intervention Group 2 were given education with "Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR)".

The data were collected using the "Individual Information Form", "Knowledge Test", "Scale for Satisfaction with Patient Education", and "Insulin Administration Skill Assessment Checklist".

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Being newly diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes at Izmir Bakırçay University Çiğli Training and Research Hospital,
  • Not having received diabetes training,
  • Not knowing the insulin application,
  • Not having used augmented reality before,
  • Being 18 years of age or older,
  • Being able to use a smartphone.

Exclusion criteria

  • To be diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes at Izmir Bakırçay University Çiğli Training and Research Hospital,
  • To have received diabetes education,
  • To be familiar with insulin application, -To have used augmented reality before,-
  • To be under the age of 18
  • To be unable to use a smartphone.

Treatment and study plan

Insulin application training with mobile augmented reality

Other

Intervention Group 2 (MAR group): Before the training, the participants were briefly informed about how the application would be performed, and their written consent was obtained. Before the insulin administration training was started, the MAR program was shown to them on the tablet by the researcher and the process steps containing QR codes prepared for insulin administration were provided on a blue flat surface and information was given about the use of the application, and a pre-test was administered to determine their knowledge levels on insulin administration. Then, the education application program prepared for insulin administration was opened and the patients were allowed to use it. The training application was performed 20-25 times. Then the post-test was administered to the participants immediately after the training. At the post-test, they were administered the Knowledge Test and Scale for Satisfaction with Patient Education.

Other names: Interventation group 2

insulin administration training with brochure

Other

The Intervention Group 1 (Brochure group): Before the training, the participants were informed about the study, and their written consent was obtained.

Before insulin administration training, a knowledge test was given as a pre-test to determine the participants' knowledge levels on insulin administrations. After the pre-test, a 15-20 minute practical training was given using the brochure prepared for insulin administrations. Immediately after the training, the knowledge test and Scale for Satisfaction with Patient Education were administered as a post-test. After the post-test, the participants were asked to self-administer insulin. The insulin administration skills of the patients were assessed by the researcher using the Insulin Administration Skill Assessment Checklist. After the assessment, the participants were informed about their deficiencies, or incorrect performances.

Primary outcomes

  1. Insulin administration knowledge Test

    Time frame: from pre-training to immediate post-training

    The test prepared by the researcher consists of 10 questions aimed at measuring the insulin administration knowledge levels of patients with type 2 diabetes. The content validity rate (CVR) for each question and the content validity index including all the questions were determined as 0.96. In the 10-question knowledge test, the higher the number of correct answers, the higher the score. It is assumed that the higher the score, the higher the level of knowledge about the subject. The minimum score is 1 and the maximum score is 10.It was aimed to evaluate the insulin application knowledge of patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes who received training with mobile augmented reality and brochure after the training compared to before the training. It was expected that the mean knowledge scores of patients with Type 2 diabetes who received insulin administration training with mobile augmented reality would be higher than those who received training with brochures.

  2. Insulin administration skills checklist

    Time frame: from pre-training to immediate post-training

    The 24-item checklist was developed by the researcher through the literature review to assess the patient's insulin administration skills.The checklist took its final form after expert opinions were obtained from nurse specialists using the Davis technique (1992). In the checklist, each correct step was scored as 2 points, each semi-completed step was scored as 1 point, and each step not completed at all was scored as 0 zero points. It was aimed to evaluate the insulin administration skills of patients with type 2 diabetes who received training with mobile augmented reality and brochure. It was expected that the mean skill scores of Type 2 diabetic patients who received insulin application training with mobile augmented reality would be higher than those who received training with brochure.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Scale for Satisfaction with Patient Education

    Time frame: to immediate post-training

    This one-dimensional scale developed by Çiftçi et al. (2022) includes 30 items whose responses are rated on a five-point Likert-type scale (Strongly Disagree, Somewhat Agree, etc.). The mean score for the overall scale is calculated by summing the scores of all the items. The highest and lowest possible scores that can be obtained from the overall scale are 150 and 30, respectively. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was calculated as 0.98 in Çiftçi et al.'s study (2022), and 0.85 in the present study.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Izmir Bakircay University

Other

Registry information

Official study title

Effects Of Mobile Augmented Reality Learning On Insulin Administration Knowledge And Skills Of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Important dates

Study start
2023
Primary completion
2024
Study completion
2024
First posted
Jul 28, 2025
Registry last updated
Jul 28, 2025

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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