Mixed Methods Evaluation of the Pomona Household Universal Grant (HUG) Program

GI programs are commonly depicted as catalysts for reshaping social welfare paradigms. Such programs not only address immediate material hardship through consistent and unconditional financial support but also have the potential to confer broader societal benefits. For instance, GI programs can reduce income inequality, enhance socio-economic conditions, and improve health outcomes and overall well being.

The early years of a child's life hold profound significance, as approximately 90% of brain development occurs before age five. This period lays the crucial foundation for lasting effects, presenting a valuable opportunity to implement an innovative, two-generation GI initiative in Pomona, California. By adopting a comprehensive two-generation approach, Pomona can pave the way for transformative change in equipping parents/caregivers with the means to secure basic necessities such as food, clothing, and shelter for themselves and their children. By alleviating the stress of financial instability, parents/caregivers are empowered to focus on their education, skill development, career prospects, and responsive parenting. Consequently, the ripple effects hold promise to disrupt the cycle of poverty, offering a brighter future for both children and their families.

The investigators guiding research questions are to examine how GI impacts child, parent/caregiver, and family outcomes. The evaluation utilizes a mixed methods approach, employing a randomized controlled trial (RCT) design which includes parent surveys, home-based observations, and semi-structured qualitative interviews.The study includes a total of N=600 dyads (parent/caregiver and child), with n=250 receiving $500 GI monthly for 18 months and a control group of n=350 receiving $20 per month for the same duration. Baseline, and follow-up surveys at year 1 and year 2 will be administered to all participants. Home observations will be conducted with all 600 participants to better understand the impact of GI on parent-child relationships. Lastly, qualitative interviews will be conducted with a subset of parents receiving GI (n=30) and those who do not (n=30) to gain a deeper understanding of the intervention's impact.

Inclusion criteria

Must live in the City of Pomona;

Must be 18 years old upon application submission;

Must be the parent or legal guardian of a child aged prenatal to under 4 years old at the time of application;

Must meet at least one of the following qualifiers (#1-4):

Experienced negative impact due to the Covid-19 pandemic including:

• The participant or anyone in the participant's household experienced unemployment during the pandemic.
• The participant or anyone in the participant's household experienced increased food or housing insecurity during or as a result of the pandemic.

Home address is located within a qualified census tract (QCT).

Participant currently receiving any of the below benefits:

• Federal Pell Grants
• Free-and Reduced-Priced Lunch (NSLP) and/or School Breakfast (SBP) programs
• Head Start and/or Early Head Start
• Low Income Housing Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP)
• Section 8 Vouchers : Public Housing & Housing Choice Vouchers
• Supplemental Security Income (SSI) - Social Security
• CalFresh or SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program)
• Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)
• Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)
• Medicaid or MediCal
• Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP)
• Childcare Subsidies through Child Care Development Fund (CCDF) Program
• Household income is at or below 65% AMI (Area Median Income)

In order to be approved for the program, the participant agrees to Informed Research Consent.

Exclusion criteria

Individuals that do not meet one or more of the inclusion criteria listed above.