Mitochondria and Muscle Health in Elderly

Aging is associated with a decline of mitochondrial and skeletal muscle volume, -quality and -function. If a causal link exists between the loss of mitochondrial function and muscle health is unknown, however, both appear with advancing age and are associated with the loss of functional capacity, which increases comorbidities and annual healthcare costs. The aim is to test the hypothesis that a compromised muscle function in sedentary elderly is related to an impaired mitochondrial health. A detailed characterization of mitochondrial metabolism and muscle function is performed in well-defined, (physically compromised) elderly humans, in a cross-sectional design. To obtain insight in the relation between mitochondrial health and muscle function, not only elderly subjects that differ in mitochondrial function (based on physical activity) will be compared but also elderly subjects with high versus low muscle physical function will be selected. Healthy, young (20-30 years,) individuals with normal physical activity levels will be included as absolute controls.

Inclusion criteria

• Males and females
• Subject should be in sufficient health to participate in the experimentations, to be judged by the responsible MD based on the subject's medical history
• Caucasian origin (see study groups)

Exclusion criteria

• Any contraindications for MRI scan:

Aneurysm clips Implanted neural stimulator Implanted cardiac pacemaker of defibrillator Cochlear implant Iron- containing corpora aliena in the eye or brain Artificial (heart) valves which is contraindicated for MRS Claustrophobia

• Diagnosed with diabetes mellitus
• Poor health as judged by the responsible medical doctor
• Heart problems: In case of an abnormal ECG in rest, this will be discussed with both the participant and the responsible medical doctor