Minnesota Community-Based Cognitive Training in Early Psychosis

A composite T-score of:

• Symbol Coding from the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS): Symbol Coding. Timed paper-and-pencil test in which respondent uses a key to write digits that correspond to nonsense symbols.
• Category Fluency: Animal Naming: Oral test in which respondent names as many animals as she/he can in 1 minute.
• Trail Making Test: Part A: Timed paper-and-pencil test in which respondent draws a line to connect consecutively numbered circles placed irregularly on a sheet of paper. The composite T-score is the average T-score across the 3 measures. T-scores range from 0-100, with higher T-scores corresponding to better performance. A T- score of 50 indicates the population mean (average) with a standard deviation of

10.

A composite T-score of:

• Symbol Coding from the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS): Symbol Coding. Timed paper-and-pencil test in which respondent uses a key to write digits that correspond to nonsense symbols.
• Category Fluency: Animal Naming: Oral test in which respondent names as many animals as she/he can in 1 minute.
• Trail Making Test: Part A: Timed paper-and-pencil test in which respondent draws a line to connect consecutively numbered circles placed irregularly on a sheet of paper. The composite T-score is the average T-score across the 3 measures. T-scores range from 0-100, with higher T-scores corresponding to better performance. A T- score of 50 indicates the population mean (average) with a standard deviation of

10.

A composite T-score of:

• Symbol Coding from the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS): Symbol Coding. Timed paper-and-pencil test in which respondent uses a key to write digits that correspond to nonsense symbols.
• Category Fluency: Animal Naming: Oral test in which respondent names as many animals as she/he can in 1 minute.
• Trail Making Test: Part A: Timed paper-and-pencil test in which respondent draws a line to connect consecutively numbered circles placed irregularly on a sheet of paper. The composite T-score is the average T-score across the 3 measures. T-scores range from 0-100, with higher T-scores corresponding to better performance. A T- score of 50 indicates the population mean (average) with a standard deviation of

10.

Continuous Performance Test-Identical Pairs (CPT-IP): A computer- administered measure of sustained attention in which respondent presses a response button to consecutive matching numbers. T-scores range from 0-100, with higher T-scores corresponding to better performance. A T-score of 50 indicates the population mean (average) with a standard deviation of 10.

Continuous Performance Test-Identical Pairs (CPT-IP): A computer- administered measure of sustained attention in which respondent presses a response button to consecutive matching numbers. T-scores range from 0-100, with higher T-scores corresponding to better performance. A T-score of 50 indicates the population mean (average) with a standard deviation of 10.

Continuous Performance Test-Identical Pairs (CPT-IP): A computer- administered measure of sustained attention in which respondent presses a response button to consecutive matching numbers. T-scores range from 0-100, with higher T-scores corresponding to better performance. A T-score of 50 indicates the population mean (average) with a standard deviation of 10.

Verbal and Visual Working Memory: A composite score of the Letter- Number Span test and the Spatial Span test from the Wechsler Memory Scale®-3rd Ed. (WMS®-III). Letter-Number Span: An orally administered test in which respondent mentally reorders strings of number and letters and repeats them to administrator. Spatial Span: Using a board on which 10 cubes are irregularly spaced, respondent taps cubes in same (or reverse) sequence as test administrator. The composite T-score is the average T-score across the 2 measures. T-scores range from 0-100, with higher T-scores corresponding to better performance. A T-score of 50 indicates the population mean (average) with a standard deviation of 10.

Verbal and Visual Working Memory: A composite score of the Letter- Number Span test and the Spatial Span test from the Wechsler Memory Scale®-3rd Ed. (WMS®-III). Letter-Number Span: An orally administered test in which respondent mentally reorders strings of number and letters and repeats them to administrator. Spatial Span: Using a board on which 10 cubes are irregularly spaced, respondent taps cubes in same (or reverse) sequence as test administrator. The composite T-score is the average T-score across the 2 measures. T-scores range from 0-100, with higher T-scores corresponding to better performance. A T-score of 50 indicates the population mean (average) with a standard deviation of 10.

Verbal and Visual Working Memory: A composite score of the Letter- Number Span test and the Spatial Span test from the Wechsler Memory Scale®-3rd Ed. (WMS®-III). Letter-Number Span: An orally administered test in which respondent mentally reorders strings of number and letters and repeats them to administrator. Spatial Span: Using a board on which 10 cubes are irregularly spaced, respondent taps cubes in same (or reverse) sequence as test administrator. The composite T-score is the average T-score across the 2 measures. T-scores range from 0-100, with higher T-scores corresponding to better performance. A T-score of 50 indicates the population mean (average) with a standard deviation of 10.

Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R): An orally

administered test in which a list of 12 words from three taxonomic categories is presented and the respondent is asked to recall as many as possible after each of three learning trials. T-scores range from 0-100, with higher T-scores corresponding to better performance. A T-score of 50 indicates the population mean (average) with a standard deviation of 10.

Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R): An orally

administered test in which a list of 12 words from three taxonomic categories is presented and the respondent is asked to recall as many as possible after each of three learning trials. T-scores range from 0-100, with higher T-scores corresponding to better performance. A T-score of 50 indicates the population mean (average) with a standard deviation of 10.

Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R): An orally

administered test in which a list of 12 words from three taxonomic categories is presented and the respondent is asked to recall as many as possible after each of three learning trials. T-scores range from 0-100, with higher T-scores corresponding to better performance. A T-score of 50 indicates the population mean (average) with a standard deviation of 10.

Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-RTM): A test that involves reproducing six geometric figures from memory. T-scores range from 0-100, with higher T-scores corresponding to better performance. A T-score of 50 indicates the population mean (average) with a standard deviation of 10.

Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-RTM): A test that involves reproducing six geometric figures from memory. T-scores range from 0-100, with higher T-scores corresponding to better performance. A T-score of 50 indicates the population mean (average) with a standard deviation of 10.

Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-RTM): A test that involves reproducing six geometric figures from memory. T-scores range from 0-100, with higher T-scores corresponding to better performance. A T-score of 50 indicates the population mean (average) with a standard deviation of 10.

Neuropsychological Assessment Battery® (NAB®): Mazes: Seven timed paper-and-pencil mazes of increasing difficulty that measure foresight and planning. T-scores range from 0-100, with higher T-scores corresponding to better performance. A T-score of 50 indicates the population mean (average) with a standard deviation of 10.

Neuropsychological Assessment Battery® (NAB®): Mazes: Seven timed paper-and-pencil mazes of increasing difficulty that measure foresight and planning. T-scores range from 0-100, with higher T-scores corresponding to better performance. A T-score of 50 indicates the population mean (average) with a standard deviation of 10.

Neuropsychological Assessment Battery® (NAB®): Mazes: Seven timed paper-and-pencil mazes of increasing difficulty that measure foresight and planning. T-scores range from 0-100, with higher T-scores corresponding to better performance. A T-score of 50 indicates the population mean (average) with a standard deviation of 10.

Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test(MSCEIT™ ): Managing Emotions: Paper-and-pencil multiple-choice test that assesses how people manage their emotions. T-scores range from 0-100, with higher T-scores corresponding to better performance. A T-score of 50 indicates the population mean (average) with a standard deviation of 10.

Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test(MSCEIT™ ): Managing Emotions: Paper-and-pencil multiple-choice test that assesses how people manage their emotions. T-scores range from 0-100, with higher T-scores corresponding to better performance. A T-score of 50 indicates the population mean (average) with a standard deviation of 10.

Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test(MSCEIT™ ): Managing Emotions: Paper-and-pencil multiple-choice test that assesses how people manage their emotions. T-scores range from 0-100, with higher T-scores corresponding to better performance. A T-score of 50 indicates the population mean (average) with a standard deviation of 10.

A composite score of the 7 scores listed above: Speed of Processing, Attention, Working Memory, Verbal Learning, Visual Learning, Problem Solving, and Social Cognition. The composite T-score is the average T-score across the 7 measures. T-scores range from 0-100, with higher T-scores corresponding to better performance. A T-score of 50 indicates the population mean (average) with a standard deviation of 10.

A composite score of the 7 scores listed above: Speed of Processing, Attention, Working Memory, Verbal Learning, Visual Learning, Problem Solving, and Social Cognition. The composite T-score is the average T-score across the 7 measures. T-scores range from 0-100, with higher T-scores corresponding to better performance. A T-score of 50 indicates the population mean (average) with a standard deviation of 10.

A composite score of the 7 scores listed above: Speed of Processing, Attention, Working Memory, Verbal Learning, Visual Learning, Problem Solving, and Social Cognition. The composite T-score is the average T-score across the 7 measures. T-scores range from 0-100, with higher T-scores corresponding to better performance. A T-score of 50 indicates the population mean (average) with a standard deviation of 10.

Emotion Recognition: Participants are shown a series of 40 faces, one at a time, and asked to determine what emotion the face is showing for each trial. There are 5 answer choices: happy, sad, anger, fear and no emotion. Scores (i.e. correct responses) range from 0-40 with higher scores corresponding to better performance.

Emotional Prosody Identification: Participants are presented a series of 80 audio clips played one at a time, and asked to determine what emotion the audio clip portrayed. There are 5 answer choices: Happy, Sad, Anger, Fearful and No Emotion. Scores (i.e. correct responses) range from 0-80 with higher scores corresponding to better performance.

Emotional Prosody Identification: Participants are presented a series of 80 audio clips played one at a time, and asked to determine what emotion the audio clip portrayed. There are 5 answer choices: Happy, Sad, Anger, Fearful and No Emotion. Scores (i.e. correct responses) range from 0-80 with higher scores corresponding to better performance.

Emotion Recognition: Participants are shown a series of 40 faces, one at a time, and asked to determine what emotion the face is showing for each trial. There are 5 answer choices: happy, sad, anger, fear and no emotion. Scores (i.e. correct responses) range from 0-40 with higher scores corresponding to better performance.

Emotion Recognition: Participants are shown a series of 40 faces, one at a time, and asked to determine what emotion the face is showing for each trial. There are 5 answer choices: happy, sad, anger, fear and no emotion. Scores (i.e. correct responses) range from 0-40 with higher scores corresponding to better performance.

Emotional Prosody Identification: Participants are presented a series of 80 audio clips played one at a time, and asked to determine what emotion the audio clip portrayed. There are 5 answer choices: Happy, Sad, Anger, Fearful and No Emotion. Scores (i.e. correct responses) range from 0-80 with higher scores corresponding to better performance.

Faux Pas Test: Brief stories are read to the participant, and the participant is asked if someone in the story made a faux pas. This test assesses the ability to infer other peoples' mental states, thoughts and feelings. Scores (i.e. percent correct) range from 0-100% with higher scores corresponding to better performance.

Faux Pas Test: Brief stories are read to the participant, and the participant is asked if someone in the story made a faux pas. This test assesses the ability to infer other peoples' mental states, thoughts and feelings. Scores (i.e. percent correct) range from 0-100% with higher scores corresponding to better performance.

Faux Pas Test: Brief stories are read to the participant, and the participant is asked if someone in the story made a faux pas. This test assesses the ability to infer other peoples' mental states, thoughts and feelings. Scores (i.e. percent correct) range from 0-100% with higher scores corresponding to better performance.

Functioning: This measure assesses quality of life using subjective questions regarding life satisfaction and objective indicators of social and occupational functioning. Participants are asked questions about social and occupational functioning and intrapsychic foundations (e.g. motivation, sense of purpose, curiosity). The assessor provides ratings on a scale of 0-6 (e.g. absent to adequate). A mean item score is computed as the average rating across all items, with higher mean item scores corresponding to better functioning.

Functioning: This measure assesses quality of life using subjective questions regarding life satisfaction and objective indicators of social and occupational functioning. Participants are asked questions about social and occupational functioning and intrapsychic foundations (e.g. motivation, sense of purpose, curiosity). The assessor provides ratings on a scale of 0-6 (e.g. absent to adequate). A mean item score is computed as the average rating across all items, with higher mean item scores corresponding to better functioning.

Functioning: This measure assesses quality of life using subjective questions regarding life satisfaction and objective indicators of social and occupational functioning. Participants are asked questions about social and occupational functioning and intrapsychic foundations (e.g. motivation, sense of purpose, curiosity). The assessor provides ratings on a scale of 0-6 (e.g. absent to adequate). A mean item score is computed as the average rating across all items, with higher mean item scores corresponding to better functioning.

Auditory Processing Speed: In Sound Sweeps, participants listen to frequency sweeps-sounds that begin low and rise upward or begin high and fall downward-and identify whether they go up ("weep") or down ("woop"). The sweeps become progressively faster and are separated by shorter interstimulus intervals. The outcome is the threshold reached by the participant which is the fastest interstimulus interval (in milliseconds) at which the participant correctly performed. Scores ranged from 24-1000 milliseconds with lower scores indicating better performance.

Auditory Processing Speed: In Sound Sweeps, participants listen to frequency sweeps-sounds that begin low and rise upward or begin high and fall downward-and identify whether they go up ("weep") or down ("woop"). The sweeps become progressively faster and are separated by shorter interstimulus intervals. The outcome is the threshold reached by the participant which is the fastest interstimulus interval (in milliseconds) at which the participant correctly performed. Scores ranged from 24-1000 milliseconds with lower scores indicating better performance.

Auditory Processing Speed: In Sound Sweeps, participants listen to frequency sweeps-sounds that begin low and rise upward or begin high and fall downward-and identify whether they go up ("weep") or down ("woop"). The sweeps become progressively faster and are separated by shorter interstimulus intervals. The outcome is the threshold reached by the participant which is the fastest interstimulus interval (in milliseconds) at which the participant correctly performed. Scores ranged from 24-1000 milliseconds with lower scores indicating better performance.

Reward Sensitivity--Anticipatory Pleasure: This measure assesses pleasure experienced in anticipation of something and consists of 10 items. An example item is: "When something exciting is coming up in my life, I really look forward to it." Participants rate how true the statement is for them on a scale of 1 (very false for me) to 6 (very true for me). A mean item score is computed as the average rating across all items, with higher mean item scores corresponding to greater anticipatory pleasure.

Reward Sensitivity--Anticipatory Pleasure: This measure assesses pleasure experienced in anticipation of something and consists of 10 items. An example item is: "When something exciting is coming up in my life, I really look forward to it." Participants rate how true the statement is for them on a scale of 1 (very false for me) to 6 (very true for me). A mean item score is computed as the average rating across all items, with higher mean item scores corresponding to greater anticipatory pleasure.

Reward Sensitivity--Anticipatory Pleasure: This measure assesses pleasure experienced in anticipation of something and consists of 10 items. An example item is: "When something exciting is coming up in my life, I really look forward to it." Participants rate how true the statement is for them on a scale of 1 (very false for me) to 6 (very true for me). A mean item score is computed as the average rating across all items, with higher mean item scores corresponding to greater anticipatory pleasure.

Reward Sensitivity--Consummatory Pleasure: This measure assesses pleasure experienced in the moment and consists of 8 items. An example item is: "The smell of freshly cut grass is enjoyable to me." Participants rate how true the statement is for them on a scale of 1 (very false for me) to 6 (very true for me). A mean item score is computed as the average rating across all items, with higher mean item scores corresponding to greater consummatory pleasure.

Reward Sensitivity--Consummatory Pleasure: This measure assesses pleasure experienced in the moment and consists of 8 items. An example item is: "The smell of freshly cut grass is enjoyable to me." Participants rate how true the statement is for them on a scale of 1 (very false for me) to 6 (very true for me). A mean item score is computed as the average rating across all items, with higher mean item scores corresponding to greater consummatory pleasure.

Reward Sensitivity--Consummatory Pleasure: This measure assesses pleasure experienced in the moment and consists of 8 items. An example item is: "The smell of freshly cut grass is enjoyable to me." Participants rate how true the statement is for them on a scale of 1 (very false for me) to 6 (very true for me). A mean item score is computed as the average rating across all items, with higher mean item scores corresponding to greater consummatory pleasure.

Verbal Memory: Delayed Recall: An orally administered test in which a list of 12 words from three taxonomic categories is presented and the respondent is asked to recall as many as possible after a 25 minute delay. T-scores range from 0-100, with higher T-scores corresponding to better performance. A T-score of 50 indicates the population mean (average) with a standard deviation of 10.

Verbal Memory: Delayed Recall: An orally administered test in which a list of 12 words from three taxonomic categories is presented and the respondent is asked to recall as many as possible after a 25 minute delay. T-scores range from 0-100, with higher T-scores corresponding to better performance. A T-score of 50 indicates the population mean (average) with a standard deviation of 10.

Verbal Memory: Delayed Recall: An orally administered test in which a list of 12 words from three taxonomic categories is presented and the respondent is asked to recall as many as possible after a 25 minute delay. T-scores range from 0-100, with higher T-scores corresponding to better performance. A T-score of 50 indicates the population mean (average) with a standard deviation of 10.

Visual Memory: Delayed Recall: A test that involves reproducing six geometric

figures from memory after a 25 minute delay. T-scores range from 0-100, with higher T-scores corresponding to better performance. A T-score of 50 indicates the population mean (average) with a standard deviation of 10.

Visual Memory: Delayed Recall: A test that involves reproducing six geometric

figures from memory after a 25 minute delay. T-scores range from 0-100, with higher T-scores corresponding to better performance. A T-score of 50 indicates the population mean (average) with a standard deviation of 10.

Visual Memory: Delayed Recall: A test that involves reproducing six geometric

figures from memory after a 25 minute delay. T-scores range from 0-100, with higher T-scores corresponding to better performance. A T-score of 50 indicates the population mean (average) with a standard deviation of 10.

Functional Capacity: This measure assesses how well everyday tasks are performed in two areas of functioning: communication (e.g. making an emergency call, calling a doctor to reschedule an appointment) and finances (e.g. counting change, reading a utility bill). Scaled scores range from 0-100 with higher scores indicating better performance.

Functional Capacity: This measure assesses how well everyday tasks are performed in two areas of functioning: communication (e.g. making an emergency call, calling a doctor to reschedule an appointment) and finances (e.g. counting change, reading a utility bill). Scaled scores range from 0-100 with higher scores indicating better performance.

Functional Capacity: This measure assesses how well everyday tasks are performed in two areas of functioning: communication (e.g. making an emergency call, calling a doctor to reschedule an appointment) and finances (e.g. counting change, reading a utility bill). Scaled scores range from 0-100 with higher scores indicating better performance.

Social Functioning: This measure assesses social skills and functioning in 7 domains: Withdrawal, Interaction, Pro-Social, Recreation, Independence- Performance, Independence-Competence, and Occupational. A mean domain score was calculated as the average across all domains. Scaled scores range from 55-145 with higher scores indicating better functioning.

Social Functioning: This measure assesses social skills and functioning in 7 domains: Withdrawal, Interaction, Pro-Social, Recreation, Independence- Performance, Independence-Competence, and Occupational. A mean domain score was calculated as the average across all domains. Scaled scores range from 55-145 with higher scores indicating better functioning.

Social Functioning: This measure assesses social skills and functioning in 7 domains: Withdrawal, Interaction, Pro-Social, Recreation, Independence- Performance, Independence-Competence, and Occupational. A mean domain score was calculated as the average across all domains. Scaled scores range from 55-145 with higher scores indicating better functioning.

This measure assesses internalized stigma which occurs when a person adopts stigmatizing assumptions and stereotypes about mental illness. Participants rate 10 statements on a scale of 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree). A mean item score is computed as the average rating across all items, with higher mean item scores corresponding to greater internalized stigma.

This measure assesses internalized stigma which occurs when a person adopts stigmatizing assumptions and stereotypes about mental illness. Participants rate 10 statements on a scale of 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree). A mean item score is computed as the average rating across all items, with higher mean item scores corresponding to greater internalized stigma.

This measure assesses internalized stigma which occurs when a person adopts stigmatizing assumptions and stereotypes about mental illness. Participants rate 10 statements on a scale of 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree). A mean item score is computed as the average rating across all items, with higher mean item scores corresponding to greater internalized stigma.