Mindfulness Training for Small Teams

Attentional Performance as measured by the Sustained Attention Response Task (SART).This task uses a continuous performance paradigm involving button presses to frequently presented non-targets (numbers 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9) but requires the participants to withhold their motor response to the infrequent target (number 3). Withholding responses only to infrequent targets encourages a pre-potent response and mind wandering. Real-time subjective experience of mind wandering during SART is assessed through experience-sampling probes randomly presented throughout the task.

Working Memory Performance as measured by the Working memory task with Affective Distracters. In this task, participants are presented with a memory array that they are to encode and hold in memory during a delay interval. During the delay, emotionally negative or neutral scene images are presented.

Cohesion as measured by 3 items adapted from a questionnaire developed by Podsakoff and MacKenzie. Scale items are rated on a scale from 1 to 5 (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree), according to how much participants agree with each item.

Team Situation Monitoring is measured by 7-item subscale of the Teamwork Perception Questionnaire, which assesses individuals' shared perceptions of group-level team skills and behavior. The scale consists of a list of items that are rated on a scale from 1 to 5 (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree), according to how much participants agree with each item.

Workgroup Emotional Intelligence as measured by the Workgroup Emotional Intelligence Profile, which is a 16-item measure of emotional intelligence abilities that manifest as behaviors in work teams. The scale consists of a list of items that are rated on a scale from 1 to 7 (1 = strongly disagree, 7 = strongly agree), according to how much participants agree with each item. This measure reflects an individual's judgment of their ability to monitor and manage their own emotions and the emotions of the members of their squad.

Team Mindfulness as measured by the Team Mindfulness Scale, which is a 10-item scale measuring the individual's experience of their team interactions as mindful. The total score ranges from 1 to 5, with a higher score indicating an individual's perception of the team's attitudes and experiences as marked by greater mindfulness.

Mindfulness as measured by the short version of the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, which is a 15-item scale. The total score ranges from 15 to 75, with a higher score indicating greater levels of mindfulness in different aspects of one's life.

Decentering as measured by the decentering sub-scale of the Experience Questionnaire, which is an 11-item scale measuring various thoughts and experiences, and the tendency to distance from those. The total score ranges from 1 to 55, with a higher score indicating higher levels of decentering.

Psychological health as measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire, which is a 4-item scale measuring depression and anxiety. The total score ranges from 0 to 12, with higher scores indicating a higher level of depression and anxiety.

Positive affect as measured by the short version of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS-10), a 5-item scale measuring the frequency of experiences of positive affect. The total score ranges from 5 to 25, with a higher score indicating a higher positive mood.

Negative affect as measured by the short version of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS-10), a 5-item scale measuring the frequency of experiences of negative affect. The total score ranges from 5 to 25, with a higher score indicating a higher negative mood.

Perceived Stress as measured by the short version of the Perceived Stress Scale, which is a 4-item scale measuring the degree to which situations in one's life are viewed as stressful. The total score ranges from 0 to 16, with a higher score indicating higher levels of perceived stress.

Marksmanship will be measured with drills involving synthetic rifles to interact with stimuli in an augmented reality environment. Accuracy in the drills will be scored from 0% to 100%, with a higher score indicating better performance.

Marksmanship will be measured with drills involving synthetic rifles to interact with stimuli in an augmented reality environment. Reaction time will be measured in milliseconds, with lower values indicating faster responses.