Mindfulness Training and Group Counseling Among Prediabetes and Diabetes Patients

How many hours of intervention sessions an individual attended

Change in perceived stress measured by 4 Items to assess perceived stress where higher levels indicating higher levels of stress with a range of 4 to 20.

Change in depression scores from the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), where higher scores indicate higher levels of depression with a range of 0 to 80.

Change in anxiety assessed using the Generalized anxiety disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7).

Change in medication adherence assessed using the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale. A higher score indicates higher adherence with a range of 0 to 8.

Change in perceived health status assessed using a question asking participants to rate their health status on a 5-points rating scale where lower ratings indicate higher levels of perceived health status and higher ratings indicate lower levels of perceived health status.

Change in sleep quality assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) ranges from 7 to 28, with higher scores indicating worse sleep quality.

Change in physical activity assessed using the Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity Scale (RAPA).

Change in Mindfulness assessed using a 15-item Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ).

HbA1C blood levels

Open ended questions to address engagement in the intervention, perceived usefulness of the MBSR, recommendations for intervention modification, what participants enjoyed most/least about the intervention, and reasons for missing intervention sessions. This is a qualitative measure, not numeric values were assigned. Based on Zgierska A, Rabago D, Zuelsdorff M, Coe C, Miller M, Fleming M. Mindfulness meditation for alcohol relapse prevention: a feasibility pilot study. J Addict Med. 2008 Sep;2(3):165-73. doi: 10.1097/ADM.0b013e31816f8546.