Mindfulness, Empathy and Social Integration. Its Relation With Chonic Stress

The study will be carried out in primary educational establishments. In the experimental group, the proposed intervention will be conducted during the school year. The control group, with similar characteristics, will carry out regular curricular activities.

Informative talks will be given to parents of potential participants, teachers and managers of educational establishments, in order to inform about research objectives and methodology. The nature of voluntary participation in any of the activities and procedures, as well as the confidential treatment of the information will be duly clarified. Informed consent will be requested from parents if they agree to participate in the project.

The intervention program will consist of a weekly meeting of approximately 1 hour during the school year, and will be conducted by the researchers together with the teacher in charge of the group. This program will include practices that promote self-perception, interoception and collaborative activities, followed by an instance of group reflection that promotes perspective taking (as in Lozada et al 2017).

The practices of self-perception and interoception consist, for example, in focusing attention on breathing for a period of time that will gradually increase (mindfulness). During collaborative actions, children will carry out activities in dyads or in small groups that promote empathy and pro-social behavior. The last activity of the intervention will consist of an instance of group reflection in which experiences and perceptions of the participants will be shared in order to favor perspective taking (i.e. the cognitive ability to consider the world from the point of view of the other).

The variables (pro-social behavior and hair cortisol levels) are quantified at the beginning and at the end of each intervention (ie, pre and post-test evaluation). To assess the differences in each group, pre-post levels will be compared by means of the paired t test, and comparisons between the experimental and control groups will be made by means of variance analysis tests and Mann Withney tests and Kruskal Wallis.

Children participating in the experimental and control groups will be individually evaluated using the following methods:

• Sociometric questionnaire.

Stress levels are quantified through:

• Hair cortisol dosing. This parameter is an indicator of chronic stress whose advantage is that it does not show marked variability throughout the day such as salivary cortisol. For this, it is necessary to cut a small strand of hair that will be analyzed later by Pharmacy and Biochemistry researchers from the University of Buenos Aires.

Inclusion criteria

• Participants having good general health

Exclusion criteria

• Children who were taking medication
• Children that were present to less than the 80% of the intervention encounters
• Children who were not present at the pre and post measurements points