Mindfulness-Based Psychoeducation for Burnout, Decision-Making, and Existential Anxiety in High-Risk Unit Nurses

Burnout Scale - Short Version: The scale was developed by Maslach and Pines (2005) to assess individuals' levels of burnout and was adapted into Turkish by Tümkaya et al. (2009), who conducted validity and reliability analyses. The Short Version of the Burnout Scale is a unidimensional instrument consisting of 10 items rated on a seven-point Likert scale (1 = never, 2 = almost never, 3 = rarely, 4 = sometimes, 5 = often, 6 = very often, 7 = always). Higher scores obtained from the scale indicate higher levels of burnout. In the Turkish adaptation study conducted by Tümkaya et al. (2009), the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was reported as 0.91 (Tümkaya, Sabahattin, & Çavuşoğlu, 2009).

Nursing Anxiety and Self-Confidence with Clinical Decision Making (NASC-CDM©) Scale: The NASC-CDM© was developed by White and adapted into Turkish by Bektaş et al. The 27-item, six-point Likert scale assesses self-confidence and anxiety separately in clinical decision-making. Both subscales include three dimensions: (1) using resources and listening fully to obtain information, (2) using available information to identify the problem, and (3) knowing and taking action. Higher scores on the self-confidence subscale indicate greater clinical decision-making confidence, whereas lower scores on the anxiety subscale indicate lower anxiety. Scores for each subscale range from 27 to 162. In the Turkish study, Cronbach's alpha was 0.97 (self-confidence) and 0.96 (anxiety). In the present study, alpha coefficients were 0.98 and 0.94, respectively.

Existential Concerns Questionnaire (ECQ): The original form of the scale was developed by van Bruggen, Klooster, Westerhof, Vos, Kleine, Bohlmeijer, and Glas (2017), and it was adapted into Turkish by Ümmet, Ekşi, Özkapu, and Ekşi (2018). The ECQ consists of 22 items rated on a five-point Likert scale and includes three subscales: general existential anxiety (13 items), death anxiety (5 items), and avoidance (4 items). Total scores range from 22 to 110, with higher scores indicating higher levels of existential anxiety. In reliability analyses, the test-retest coefficients were reported as 0.81 for the general anxiety subscale, 0.73 for the death anxiety subscale, 0.69 for the avoidance subscale, and 0.87 for the total scale. Cronbach's alpha coefficients were 0.85 for general anxiety, 0.72 for death anxiety, 0.62 for avoidance, and 0.88 for the total scale (Ümmet et al., 2018).