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Completed

NCT Number: NCT05487872

Mindfulness and Psychological Inflexibility

This study aimed to examine whether mindfulness skills training can help to reduce experiential avoidance and anxiety level. This study investigated whether the training delivery methods (audio-guided mindfulness exercise or virtual reality-based mindfulness exercise) differ in terms of changing general experiential avoidance and anxiety symptoms.

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Key information

Conditions

Mindfulness

Age range

18 year and older

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Bahçeşehir Cyprus University

Nicosia, Cyprus

About this study

The experimental design (randomized trial) was used in this study. Data were collected through convenience sampling. After obtaining ethical approval fromEthics Committee of the Bahçeşehir Cyprus University, participants were invited to participate in the study via advertisements posted in the university building. Recruited participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group or control group. All participants will be provided with an informed consent form which provided information about participant's right and data management. Participants in the experimental group completed mindfulness exercise on Virtual Reality (VR) system where they listened to an audio track (guide for the exercise) and saw calming nature scenes (e.g., views on the beach) whereas those in the control group completed mindfulness exercise by listening to the (same) audio track only. Each mindfulness session took approximately 15 mins. In total, four sessions were completed in two weeks (2 sessions per week). After obtaining informed consent, the participants completed a survey pack that included valid and reliable measurement scales (mindfulness skills [The Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale - Revised], experiential avoidance [Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II], and anxiety symptoms [Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale]) at two-time points (i.e., pre-test [before intervention], and post-test [after 4 sessions/when sessions were completed], At the end of the study, the participants were provided with a debrief form.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • age of 18 and above,
  • ability to read, and/or understand English

Exclusion criteria

  • Participants who regularly practice mindfulness exercise were excluded form the analyses

Treatment and study plan

Mindfulness skills training to reduce experiential avoidance and anxiety symptoms

Behavioral

The intervention aimed to increase participants' mindfulness skills which may be critical in decreasing general experiential avoidance and anxiety symptoms

Primary outcomes

  1. Change in experiential avoidance

    Time frame: at two time points (pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention)

    Experiential avoidance is an example of psychological inflexibility. Experiential avoidance was measured via Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II. The scale includes 7 items that are rated on a seven-point scale (1 = never true - 7 = always true). The minimum and maximum scores on the scale range between 7 and 49 points. Higher scores on the scale indicate greater experiential avoidance (psychological inflexibility)

Secondary outcomes

  1. Change in anxiety

    Time frame: at two time points (pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention)

    Anxiety symptoms were measured via Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale. The scale includes 7 items rated on 4 point scale (0 = Not at all, 1 = Several days, 2 = More than half of the days - 3 = Nearly every day). Scores 5, 10, 15 obtained from the test indicate mild, moderate, and severe anxiety, respectively.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Bahcesehir Cyprus University

Other

Registry information

Official study title

Mindfulness Skills Training and Psychological Inflexibility: a Randomized Trial

Important dates

Study start
2022
Primary completion
2022
Study completion
2022
First posted
Aug 4, 2022
Registry last updated
Aug 4, 2022

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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