Mindful Emotion Regulation in Organizational Contexts

This scale is used to measure daily changes in state mindfulness. Participants will self-report levels of acting with awareness, nonjudgemental acceptance and present-moment attention in the context of their work day. The Multidimensional State Mindfulness Questionnaire (MSMQ) includes 9 items, rated on a Likert-type scale, and is designed to capture mindfulness as it fluctuates over time. Data will be collected across three daily diary periods: a baseline period before any intervention, a second period following the first 8-week phase, and a final period conducted after the second 8-week phase, once the crossover is complete. This structure allows for the examination of both between-group and within-subject changes in state mindfulness associated with the intervention.

The Metacognitive Processes of Decentering is a brief self-report measure designet to assess momentary decentering. The capacity to observe thoughts and emotions with perspective and distance from one's experience. The current implementations includes two items: "I can watch my thoughts and emotions come and go like clouds" and "I am more than my thoughts and feelings," rated on a Likert scale. The third decentering item was omitted to preserve conceptual compatibility with related constructs. The scale will be used in three periods of daily diary thought the study, first one after interventions, post-interventions phase 1, and at the end of the study after the crossover is complete.

We used the Positive Reframing subscale from the Brief COPE inventory to assess participants' tendency to reinterpret challenging situations in a more constructive or optimistic way. This subscale includes two items rated on Likert scale. This scale is part of the daily dairies.

PANAS-SF is a 20 item self-report measure used to assess two distinct dimensions of affect: positive affect and negative affect. The instructions to this questionnaire were adapted to a daily level. Participants were instructed to think about the affects they experienced through their work day. They rate the extent to which they have experienced specific emotions in the workplace today. This scale is part of the daily diaries.

Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ-12) is the short version of PCQ-24. It measures four core components of psychological capital: hope (4 items), self-efficacy (3 items), resilience (3 items), and optimism (2 items). Each item is rated on a 6-point Likert scale. This scale is included in the daily diaries.

In-role job performance was assessed using a 7-item scale developed by Williams and Anderson (1991), designed to measure how well employees fulfill the formal requirements of their job as outlined in their job description. Respondents rate items reflecting task completion, responsibility fulfillment, and expected work duties (e.g., "I perform tasks that are expected of me," "I meet the formal requirements of my job") using a Likert-type scale. This was adapted to a daily level and included in the diaries.

The Short Index of Job Satisfaction (SIJS) is a brief, 5-item self-report instrument designed to assess global job satisfaction. Respondents rate each item on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 ("strongly disagree") to 5 ("strongly agree"), with higher scores indicating greater overall satisfaction with one's job. The SIJS captures a unidimensional construct of job satisfaction and it has been adapted to a daily level. This scale was included in the daily diaries.

This scale is a brief self-report measure designed to assess overall sleep quality. It uses a Likert scale from 0 to 10, where 0 represents the worst posible sleep and 10 the best of quality. This scale has favorable measurement characteristics similar to Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). It is used in the daily diaries of this study.

Substance Use subscale is used from the Brief COPE inventory o assess the extent to which participants use alcohol or other substances as a coping strategy in response to stress. This subscale consists of two items rated on a Likert scale. In addition, we included three single-item questions to capture actual substance consumption: "How many cigarettes did you smoke yesterday?", "How many doses of alcohol did you consume yesterday?" (e.g., one 330 ml beer, one 150 ml glass of wine, or one 40 ml shot of spirits), and "Did you use any other substances that could alter your state of consciousness?" These items were designed to provide a more detailed, behaviorally anchored assessment of substance use on a daily basis. This scale is included in the daily diaries.

A set of five single-item measures is included to assess key emotion regulation strategies in a daily context. Each item targeted a specific strategy: active coping ("I took active steps to improve the situation"), attention distraction ("I distracted myself from the situation or my feelings"), rumination ("I thought repeatedly about the situation or my feelings"), cognitive reappraisal ("I tried to change my perspective on the situation or change how I think about it"), and emotional suppression ("I held back from expressing my emotions"). Respondents rated each item on a Likert-type scale reflecting the extent to which they used that strategy on a given day. This items were included in the daily diaries.