MHT and Liver Function in Postmenopausal Women

This prospective, controlled cohort study is designed to evaluate the effects of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) on liver function and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in postmenopausal women. A total of 44 participants are included and divided into two groups: 22 women will receive MHT and 22 will be monitored without treatment due to the absence of menopausal symptoms.

Biochemical parameters including liver enzymes and lipid profiles are measured at baseline and after six months. In addition, hepatic steatosis is quantitatively assessed using attenuation imaging (ATI), a novel ultrasound-based technique, and FIB-4 scores are calculated as noninvasive indicators of liver fibrosis.

The MHT regimens included both oral and transdermal estrogen, selected based on clinical indications. ATI measurements are performed using standardized protocols by radiologists blinded to clinical data.

The primary aim of the study is to investigate whether MHT is associated with favorable changes in hepatic steatosis and liver-related biomarkers.

Inclusion criteria

• Female participants aged 40 years or older
• Postmenopausal status (defined as ≥12 months of amenorrhea)
• No prior use of menopausal hormone therapy in the last 6 months
• Willingness to participate and provide informed consent

Exclusion criteria

• History of liver disease, liver malignancy, or liver transplantation
• Current or past alcohol consumption exceeding 20g/day
• Premature ovarian failure
• History of any active malignancy
• Use of medications known to affect liver enzymes or fat metabolism
• Current participation in another clinical trial