Metronidazole as an Adjunct of Non- Surgical Treatment of Peri-implantitis

Microbial colonization of implant surface is the main causative factor of periimplantitis. Non-surgical treatment have been shown to be ineffective in bacterial control. The capacity of certain bacteria to invade soft tissues in periodontal lesions and a possible invasion in peri-implant diseases, could also be a good reason. Mombelli and Lang in a case-series study observed a significant reduction on probing depths and microbial parameters after non-surgical treatment and systemic antimicrobial therapy (ornidazole) of implants affected by marked loss of bone.

The rationale for conducting this research is to demonstrate that there may be significant differences in clinical, radiographic and microbiological parameters if systemic metronidazole is prescribed in conjunction with non-surgical treatment of peri-implantitis lesions. If there are differences, and a further improvement is observed in evaluated parameters, treatment protocols for these prevalent lesions could have been modified.

The objective of this research is to check whether there are differences in clinical, radiographic and microbiological parameters when performing non-surgical treatment to treat peri-implantitis with adjunctive administration of systemic metronidazole or a placebo.

Design: This research is designed as a parallel group, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical study.

Population: Patients who come to the Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela with dental implants presenting pathology.

Treatment Groups: Study group: patients treated by non-surgical treatment in conjunction with systemic metronidazole.Control group: patients treated by non-surgical treatment in conjunction with a placebo.

Randomization:After checking the inclusion criteria, signing the informed consent and included in the study. All subjects will be randomly assigned a number and one of the treatment group. The randomization will be done by a computer program for a simple randomization assignment.

Treatment: Non-surgical treatments will be performed under local anaesthesia . In cases where the prosthesis is screwed and screw access is possible, it will be removed during treatment and re-placed once completed. The patient will rinse with a mouthwash of chlorhexidine digluconate 0.12% and then implants affected will be debrided by ultrasound and manual curettes with the objective of removing deposits of plaque and calculus that are attached to the surface of the implant or prosthesis. Once the debridement is finished, pockets will be irrigated with chlorhexidine for 2 minutes and the surface of the prostheses polished using rubber cups and polishing paste.Immediately after the end of treatment and depending on the result of randomization, the exact number of tablets of the antibiotic or placebo to be taken during the following days will be given to the patient. The patient will be instructed in oral hygiene with either manual or electric toothbrush and interdental hygiene at the time of the completion of treatment. Subsequently, at 4 weeks, motivation and hygiene instructions will be strengthened by modifying brushing technique when deemed necessary.

Inclusion criteria

• Older than 18 years.
• Presence of at least 1 implant diagnosed with peri-implantitis (Presence of BOP and/or suppuration, with 2 mm of detectable bone loss after initial remodeling, and PD≥ 4 mm as defined by Daubert et al. 2015).
• Absence of implant mobility.
• History of taking systemic antibiotics in the preceding 3 months.
• No systemic pathology that contraindicated the completion of treatment.
• The patient understands the treatment and willing to comply.
• The patient is willing to give written informed consent and can do

Exclusion criteria

• Pregnant.
• Metronidazole allergies
• Patients on treatment with bisphosphonates.
• Uncontrolled periodontal disease.