Methods of Identifying Effective Off-Guideline Treatments for Advanced Cancer Patients (CC N-of-1)

A) Significance: This is the first precision medicine study that aims to generate predictive accuracy of functional assays in selecting effective off-guideline treatments. Since the clinical evidence of these assays is severely limited, and as a result, oncologists are reluctant to use them. This study will add to that body of clinical evidence, and if successful, accelerate the acceptance of these functional assays for treatment selection in clinical practice. B) Specific Aims: This study will calculate the predictive accuracy of multiple functional assays (genomic and/or DST) to identify the tests that can be most helpful to patients, and to quantify the potential benefits of these tests. C) Methodology: The Participant's genomic and/ or DST results will be collected and reviewed by the Cancer Commons Scientific team. Furthermore, a literature review relevant to the Participant's cancer will be performed to identify the use of off-guideline drugs. Based on this analysis, the Scientific Team will write a Scientific Report that identifies any Promising Off-guideline Drugs and share with the Participant's oncologist to determine the merit of administering any off-guideline drug or drugs. If a Participant's oncologist is willing to administer one or more off-guideline drugs, the Participant is enrolled in the study. The Participant's oncologist administers one or more off-guideline drugs, and the subsequent Participant results are recorded in the study database. Note that the Participant's oncologist makes all treatment decisions unilaterally. Arms of the Study: The study will consist of multiple assay arms that belong to the categories shown below. Each arm will belong to a specific test. 1. Genomic Mutation Match: Select one or more off-guideline drugs that are indicated for a specific mutation which a genomic test shows to be present in the participant's cancer DNA, 2. Genomic Pathway Match: Select one or more off-guideline drugs that are not indicated for a specific mutation which a genomic test shows to be present in the participant's cancer DNA, but are indicated for a cancer pathway that genomics experts believe are strongly related to a specific mutation which a genomic test shows to be present in the participant's cancer DNA, 3. Drug Sensitivity Assays: Select an off-guideline drug or drugs that are designed as "response" by the test. D) Patient Population: The study will include advanced cancer patients who have test result that can be used by the Scientific Team to identify Promising Off-guideline Drugs. The study is open to patients with any cancer.

Inclusion criteria

• Participant must have a valid genomic or functional test or willing to undergo a new test
• Analysis of the participant's test must produce a set of Promising Off-guideline Drug(s)
• Oncologist must be willing to administer one or more Promising Off-guideline Drug(s)
• The study team must have an approved method of paying for the administered Off-Guideline Drug(s). Health insurance and self-pay are the two most common sources of payment
• Participant must sign the Informed Consent

Exclusion criteria

• No set of Promising Off-guideline Drug(s)
• Oncologist not willing to administer one or more Promising Off-guideline Drug(s)
• No approved method of paying for the administered off-guideline Drug(s)
• No signed Informed Consent