Measurement of Anti-Androgen Response Using Fluorine-18 Fluorocholine PET/CT in Androgen-Insensitive Prostate Cancer

Inclusion criteria

• Provision of written informed consent.
• Men, over 18 years of age, with histologically-confirmed diagnosis of prostate cancer
• History of treatment by complete androgen blockade for greater than 3 months prior to enrollment
• Serum testosterone level < 50 ng/ml. Castrate testosterone levels must be from orchiectomy or current therapy with leutinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist.
• Progressive disease evidenced by two consecutive rises in prostate specific antigen (PSA) above a nadir value, with the absolute value of the latest PSA > 2. 0 ng/ml.
• Patient will be undergoing a therapeutic intervention under the supervision of his treating physician (urologist, oncologist).

Exclusion criteria

• Other co-existing malignancies or malignancies diagnosed within the last 5 years with the exception of basal cell carcinoma or superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.
• Serious underlying medical conditions that would otherwise impair the patient's ability to undergo imaging.
• Patient weighs over 350 lbs (due to scanner weight limit).
• Clinical life expectancy < 12 weeks.
• Participated in other radioactive drug studies where estimated total cumulative dose within 1 year is > 0.05 Sievert for whole body, active blood-forming organs, eye lens, gonads, or 0.15 Sievert for other organs.
• Concurrent Therapy. Allowed: prior hormonal therapy; concurrent leuteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist; prior surgery; prior or concurrent bisphosphonate. Not allowed: concurrent anti-androgen or secondary hormonal therapy, prior or concurrent chemotherapy, concurrent radiotherapy or radioisotope therapy (e.g., strontium). Other: Prior radiotherapy or radioisotope therapy must be > 12 weeks since last treatment.