Meaning-Centered Pain Coping Skills Training for Cancer Pain

This 8-item measure assesses the degree to which, over the past 7 days, pain has interfered with daily activities, work around the home, engagement in social activities, household chores, fun activities, enjoyment of social activities, enjoyment of life, and family life. Response options range from 1 (not at all) to 5 (very much). Higher scores indicate worse pain interference.

This 8-item measure assesses the degree to which, over the past 7 days, pain has interfered with daily activities, work around the home, engagement in social activities, household chores, fun activities, enjoyment of social activities, enjoyment of life, and family life. Response options range from 1 (not at all) to 5 (very much). Higher scores indicate worse pain interference.

This 4-item measure assesses pain severity at its worst, least, and average over the past 7 days as well as current pain severity. Response options range from 0 (no pain) to 10 (pain as bad as you can imagine). Higher scores indicate worse pain severity.

This 12-item measure references the past 7 days and includes an overall spiritual well-being score and three subscales: 1) meaning (i.e., reason for living, sense of meaning and purpose); 2) peace (i.e., feeling peaceful, sense of harmony within oneself); and 3) faith (i.e., finding strength and comfort in faith or spiritual beliefs). Response options range from 0 (not at all) to 4 (very much); two items are reverse coded. Higher scores indicate greater spiritual well-being.

This 8-item measure assesses feelings of meaning and purpose, including having a good sense of what makes one's life meaningful, a sense that one's life is valuable and worthwhile, having clear goals and aims, feeling life one's life has meaning, significance, direction, fulfillment, and purpose. Response options range from 1 (strongly disagree or not at all) to 5 (strongly agree or very much). Higher scores indicate greater meaning and purpose.

This 8-item measure assesses anxiety symptoms over the past 7 days, including fear, difficulty focusing on things other than anxiety, feeling overwhelmed by worries, feeling uneasy, nervousness, feeling the need for help with anxiety, feeling anxious, and feeling tense. Response options range from 1 (never) to 5 (always). Higher scores indicate worse anxiety.

This 8-item measure assesses depressive symptoms over the past 7 days, including feelings of worthlessness, helplessness, hopelessness, depression, failure, unhappiness, nothing to look forward to, and difficulty improving mood. Response options range from 1 (never) to 5 (always). Higher scores indicate worse depressive symptoms.

This 5-item measures assesses patients' confidence regarding pain management, managing pain during daily activities, keeping pain from interfering with sleep, and confidence in their ability to reduce pain using methods other than taking additional medication. Response options range from 10 (not at all certain) to 100 (very certain). Higher scores indicate greater self-efficacy.

This 8-item measure assesses how often someone was available to provide instrumental (i.e., practical) support and emotional support. Instrumental support includes having someone available if confided to bed, needing to visit a doctor, needing help preparing meals, and needing help with daily chores. Emotional support includes having someone available to have a good time with, turn to for suggestions, feel understood, and feel loved and wanted. Response options range from 1 (none of the time) to 5 (all of the time). Higher scores indicate greater social support.

This 5-item measure assesses health-related quality of life across 5 dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. The response options range from 1 to 5, with response choices that vary per question. Higher scores indicate worse health-related quality of life.

Participants will report their medical resource use. This will include the number of hospitalizations and visits to the emergency department, urgent care, and outpatient clinics and current pain medication prescriptions. These variables will be collected for the past 30 days at baseline and since the previous time point at both follow-ups.

The total number of minutes for each intervention session will be assessed.

Participants' will report the number of weekly hours they worked inside and outside of the home.

The total number of minutes that therapists spent preparing for, conducting, and documenting intervention sessions will be assessed.