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Completed

NCT Number: NCT07130227

MBRS-Based Psychoeducation in Patients With Schizophrenia

This study aimed to determine the effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction training on anger management and functional recovery in patients with schizophrenia. The study will be conducted at a CMHC in Ağrı province between May and August 2021. At the CMHC, community-based mental health services are provided to patients with severe mental disorders (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder) who are in remission as assessed by a psychiatrist. The study is planned to be conducted with patients who meet the study criteria, without using a sample selection method. Patients over the age of 18 registered with CMHC and followed with a diagnosis of schizophrenia were contacted by phone and invited to CMHC. The study was conducted with patients who met the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate (psychoeducational group, mindfulness group, control group). Data will be collected using the Descriptive Characteristics Form, the State and Trait Anger Inventory, and the SILO. The mindfulness group received 16 sessions of MBRS training, and the psychoeducational group received an 8-session psychoeducational program. The control group received no intervention. The study sample size was calculated using the GPower computer program. Power analysis at α=0.05 yielded an effect size of 150, 153 (d=0.8), and the study had 90% power. Therefore, it was calculated that a minimum of 68 patients should be included in the sample.

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Key information

Conditions

Mindfulness Training Mental Disorders Schizophrenia Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

Age range

18 year–60 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Ataturk University Faculty of Nursing

Erzurum, Yakutiye, Turkey (Türkiye)

About this study

Study data were collected by the researcher through face-to-face interviews. The study included individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia who met the inclusion criteria (registration in a CMHC, having a diagnosis of schizophrenia, willingness to participate in the study, and openness to communication and collaboration). Pre-test measurement instruments were administered to the participants. The mindfulness group then received 16 sessions of MBRS training, and the psychoeducation group received an 8-session psychoeducation program. The control group received no intervention. Post-test data were collected following the training sessions.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Being registered with a CMHC
  • Being diagnosed with schizophrenia
  • Being between the ages of 18 and 60
  • Being willing to participate in the study
  • Being open to communication and cooperation
  • Being in remission

Exclusion criteria

  • Not being open to communication and cooperation

Treatment and study plan

Session 1: Preparatory Session

Other

*Meeting the patients *Introducing the content of mindfulness-based stress reduction training *Emphasizing the importance of regular and timely attendance at training *Determining training dates *Sharing individuals' experiences and expectations

Session 2: Mindfulness

Other

*What is mindfulness? *Being aware of daily activities. *Raisin meditation.

Session 3: Our Perspectives on Ourselves and the World

Other

*Breathing meditation. *Habit Breaker: Watching the Sky.

Session 4: Body Scan *Body scan meditation.

Other

*Ten-finger gratitude practice. *Habit Breaker: Spending some time in nature.

Session 5: Recognizing Schizophrenia

Other

*What is schizophrenia? *What are its symptoms? *What does treatment involve?

Session 6: Mindful Movement

Other

*Mindfulness movement meditation practice *

Session 7: Mindful Breathing

Other

*Breathing meditation *

Session 8: Treatment Evaluation

Other

*The importance of medication *Things to consider when using medication *Side effects of medication *What is a flare-up in schizophrenia? *What are the precursor symptoms?

Session 9: Mindful Thinking

Other

*Sounds and thoughts meditation *Cinema activity.

Session 10: Coping with Anger

Other

*What is anger? *What are its symptoms? *What are the coping methods?

Session 11: Coping with Difficult Emotions

Other

*Facing Difficulties meditation *

Session 12: Mindful Communication

Other

*Communication & mindful communication *The importance of communication skills *Fundamentals of communication, self-language practice *Ways to prevent communication accidents

Session 13: Different Connections

Other

*Breathing meditation. *Habit Breaker: Thought and Emotional Play.

Session 14: The Joy of Small Things

Other

*Treasure of Pleasure Meditation *Habit Breaker: Letter to Self.

Session 15: Dwelling on the Past or Living in the Present?

Other

*Friendship-Building Meditation *Habit Breaker: Random Acts of Kindness.

Session 16: Evaluation

Other

*Reinforcing What Has Been Learned. *Evaluating the Program. *Obtaining Feedback.

Session 1: Group 2, Preparation Session

Other

*Meeting Patients *Introducing the Content of Psychoeducation *Emphasizing the Importance of Regular and Timely Attendance at Training *Determining Training Dates *Sharing Individuals' Experiences and Expectations

Other names: Active Participant

Session 2: Group 2, Recognizing the Illness

Other

*What is Schizophrenia? *What are its Symptoms? *What Does Treatment Include?

Session 3: Group 2, Treatment Evaluation

Other

*Things to Consider When Using Medication *Side Effects of Medication *Exacerbation of Schizophrenia *Precursor Symptoms.

Session 4: Group 2, What is anger?

Other

*What are the symptoms of anger? *What are the methods for coping with anger?

Session 5: Group 2, Communication

Other

*What is communication? *The importance of communication. *Fundamentals of communication, working on "I" language. *Ways to prevent communication difficulties.

Session 6: Group 2, What is relaxation?

Other

What is progressive relaxation? Introducing a relaxation CD

Session 7: Group 2, Relaxation

Other

Practicing the relaxation CD with patients

Session 8: Group 2, Evaluation

Other

*Reinforcing what has been learned. *Evaluating the program. *Obtaining feedback

Primary outcomes

  1. Personal Information Form

    Time frame: up to 1 day

    This form consists of a total of eight questions (age, gender, marital status, education level, duration of illness, income, family history of mental illness, and employment status) developed by the researcher based on literature and includes the sociodemographic characteristics of the patients

Secondary outcomes

  1. The State-Trait Anger Scale (STAS)

    Time frame: up to 1 day

    This is a self-report scale measuring the feeling and expression of anger. It was developed by Spielberger et al., and its Turkish validity and reliability study was conducted by Özer. The Cronbach's alpha obtained in this study was 0.84. The scale is a four-point Likert-type scale consisting of four subscales: anger-in, anger-out, anger control, and trait anger, and 34 items. High scores on the trait anger dimension indicate high anger levels, high scores on the anger control dimension indicate that anger can be controlled, high scores on the anger-out dimension indicate that anger is easily expressed, and high scores on the anger-in dimension indicate that anger is suppressed.

Other outcomes

  1. Functional Recovery Scale in Schizophrenia (FRS)

    Time frame: up to 1 day

    The Functional Recovery Scale in Schizophrenia (FRS) was developed by Llorca et al. in 2009. The scale's validity and reliability in Turkey were conducted by Emiroğlu in 2009. The validity and reliability coefficient of the scale was determined to be 0.94. In this study, the Chronbach's alpha coefficient was determined to be 0.91. It is a 5-point Likert-type scale consisting of 19 items and 4 subscales. As the scores on the scale increase, the level of functional recovery increases. Dimensions: Social Functioning (7 items), Health and Treatment (4 items), Daily Living Skills (6 items), Occupational Functioning (2 items). The lowest score that can be obtained from the scale is 19, the highest score is 95.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Ataturk University

Other

Registry information

Official study title

The Effect of MBRS-Based Psychoeducation on Anger Management and Functional Recovery in Patients With Schizophrenia

Important dates

Study start
2021
Primary completion
2021
Study completion
2022
First posted
Aug 19, 2025
Registry last updated
Aug 19, 2025

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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