Mainstreaming a Life Skills Education Programme Right to Play- Plus to Reduce Violence Against Girls in Pakistan

International Society for Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (ISPCAN)-Child Abuse Screening Tool for children (ICAST-C) is used to measure physical, emotional and sexual violence at home among children aged 11 to 18 years. It has been adapted for use in school settings in previous studies to measure child abuse at school. 12 items related to physical and emotional violence, and 9 items related to sexual violence will be used in the current study to measure physical, emotional and sexual violence at home, school, and community. Each item is measured if this incident happened with the child or not. If yes, then next column measures whether it happened in the past 4 weeks or not. Moreover, there are questions about the location of such an incident and the person who perpetrated it. These questions will yield data on the proportion of children affected by physical, emotional, and sexual violence, the location of perpetration, and the characteristics of perpetrators.

Following the same pattern of International Society for Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (ISPCAN)-Child Abuse Screening Tool for Children (ICAST-C) questions to measure physical, emotional, and sexual violence, a self-developed 6-item scale will be used to measure the prevalence (with answers yes (1), no (0), or don't know (-99)) of cyber sexual violence, its frequency in the past 4 weeks and the information on location and perpetrators. These questions will yield data on the proportion of children affected by cyber sexual violence, the location of perpetration, and the characteristics of perpetrators.

A self-developed 2-item scale adapted from the Self-Efficacy to Deal with Violence Scale to measure confidence in responding to an act of violence. All items will be measured on a binary scale from 0 to 1 where 0 (No) refers to not confident, and 1 (Yes) refers to confident. The results will reflect the proportion of having confidence in responding to violence.

A 5-item scale was adapted from Nancy Perrin, et al (2019) to measure the personal beliefs of children about gender equality. All items will be measured on a binary scale from 0 to 1 where 0 refers to disagree, and 1 refers to agree. Item 1 will be reverse coded. The results will reflect the proportion of having progressive gender beliefs.

An adapted scale from Nancy Perrin, et al (2019) will be used to measure personal beliefs of justifying a man to hit his wife. All 6 items will be measured on a binary scale from 0 to 1 where 0 (no) refers to disagree, and 1 (yes) refers to agree. The results will reflect the proportion of respondents with conservative beliefs accepting domestic violence against women.

An adapted 5-item scale from Perrin, N et al, 2019 to measure personal beliefs about girls being married at an early age. All items will be measured on a binary scale from 0 to 1 where 0 refers to disagree, and 1 refers to agree. Item 5 will be reverse-coded. The overall score ranges from 0 to 5, with higher scores reflecting conservative beliefs accepting child marriage.

A 10-item scale adapted from the peer perpetration scale from the Multidimensional Scale of Peer Violence is used to measure physical and emotional violence. All items will be measured on a binary scale from 0 to 1 where 0 (No) refers to did not do the act, and 1 (Yes) refers to did the act. The overall score ranges from 0 to 10, with higher scores reflecting the carrying out of the act of peer perpetration violence.

The 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10) was extracted from the original 25-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-25)(Campbell-Sills and Stein, 2007). Item responses range from 0 ("not true at all") to 4 ("true nearly all of the time"). The overall score ranges from 0 to 40, with higher scores reflecting a greater ability to cope with adversity.

The Patient Health Questionnaire 9 will be used to measure depression. All items will be measured on a binary scale from 0 to 1 where 0 refers to Not at All, and 1 refers to Yes (at least once or more). The results will reflect the proportion of symptoms of depression.

This is a secondary outcome that the intervention partners will observe. This will be assessed with a self-developed tool with 5 items. It comprises of 5-point Likert scale to rate the individual's evaluation ranging from 1 (Strongly Disagree) to 5 (Strongly Agree), where higher scores mean more confident.