Low-intensity Focused Ultrasound Pulsation (LIFUP) for Treatment of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Inclusion criteria

• Subjects with clinical evidence from their diagnostic evaluations of unilateral hippocampal dysfunction and epileptogenicity.
• Subjects with seizures that have been refractory to treatment with at least three currently marketed antiepileptic drugs.
• Subjects with epilepsy who would clearly benefit from surgical intervention.
• Subjects who have been offered a non-dominant anterior-mesial temporal lobe resection as treatment for medication refractory epilepsy.

Exclusion criteria

• Subjects with a cognitive or psychiatric disorder that limits the ability to give informed consent or are unable to cooperate with the testing.
• Subjects with dementia, delirium and psychotic symptoms. - Subjects with ferromagnetic materials in the head.
• Subjects with severe cardiac disease, increased intracranial pressure, or a TENS unit.
• Subjects who exhibit primary generalized seizures or pseudoseizures.
• Subjects who have seizures secondary to drugs, alcohol, metabolic illness or progressive degenerative disease.
• Subjects who have experienced status epilepticus during the 3-week baseline period prior to the operation.
• Subjects (females) who are pregnant.