Low Dose Metronomic Poly-chemotherapy for Metastatic CRC

Patients suffering from metastases of colorectal cancer whose tumor cells develop resistance to conventionally administered treatments are in need for new methods of treatment.

While their chemotherapy had been administered up till then at the classical regimen of Maximal Tolerated Doses (MTD), which is aimed to directly killing maximal fractions of tumor cells, the present study evaluates the clinical benefit of a treatment which is based on old chemotherapeutic and old anti-inflammatory drugs, when these are administered at low doses,on daily basis and orally taken, without planed brakes (Low Dose Metronomic regimen).

Treatments based on this type of regimen have already been studied on other models of cancer and showed the capacity of suppressing tumor growth by a new category of anti-tumor effects. Namely, by affecting factors and mechanisms which prevail in the microenvironment that surrounds tumor deposits, thus circumventing the resistance of their cancer cells to chemotherapy.

Inclusion criteria

• Histological (or cytological) proof of colorectal carcinoma (CRC)
• Measurable metastases
• ECOG (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) performance status 0-2
• Progressing disease following all available chemotherapy treatment lines (including chemotherapy, bevacizumab+/-ziv-aflibercept, and an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor [if WT(wild type)-KRAS]
• The central-radiologist's confirmation of PD* under the last (previous) line of "conventional treatment".

• PD (progressive disease) by RECIST(Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) criteria : a) there is 20% or more relative increment in the sum of diameters of target lesions in comparison with the base line sum, and their absolute increase is 5 mm. or more, or b) there appeared one or more new lesions, or c)there is substantial worsening in non-target disease
• Age: between 18 and 85
• Prior radiotherapy either as adjuvant treatment or for palliation is allowed, unless this was delivered to the only measurable lesion
• Complete blood count reflecting adequate Bone Marrow:

Hb=/ > 9 g/dL, ANC=/> 1,500 Plt =/> 75,000/mcL; 9. Adequate liver function:

• Total Bilirubin always =/<X1.5 ULN
• ALT and AST and Alkaline Phosphatase =/ < 2.5 X upper normal limit , although in patients with liver metastases these are acceptable if =/< 5 X ULN; 11. Adequate renal function (serum creatinine): =/< 1.5 X ULN. 12. Absence of any non-hematological toxicity at grade 2 or higher. 13.The patient is able to understand and ready to sign the informed consent

Exclusion criteria

• Lack of confirmation of PD (under the pre-study treatment) by the central radiologist
• Any concurrent other active cancer (except basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma of skin and early prostate cancer or DCIS- in situ breast cancer)
• Inability to adhere to monthly visits to the oncological unit for evaluation
• Presence of brain metastases
• Continuous treatment with steroids or with NSAIDs or with anticoagulants during the last year (except micropirin)
• Previous radiotherapy to the only site of measurable disease
• Existence of active peptic ulcer or symptomatic coronary disease
• Existence of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease or rheumatoid arthritis
• Presence of ascites, and/or any other "third space" finding (eg. significant leg edema)