Long Term Follow up of Toe-to-hand Transfers

Finger amputations are associated with profound impacts on physical, socio-economic, vocational and mental well-being. Thumb amputations account for the greatest burden of disability globally amongst hand trauma.

The multi-centre FRANCHISE study and a recent large prospective multi-centre study have demonstrated that finger replantation outperforms equivalent amputations in nearly all digits at all levels, except for the little finger. However, one crucial question in hand surgery is whether toe transfers can provide a similar functional benefit to replantation.

Finger amputations are frequently not replantable even with timely access to specialized reconstructive care. A review of replantation in the USA found that of 3,417 digital amputations, only 631 replantations were attempted (18%), and of these 30% failed. Therefore nearly 90% of patients with finger amputations will ultimately live without the amputated digit.

Microvascular toe-to-hand transfer, first described in the 1960s, has a success rate close to 100% in high volume centres. There are few validated data that support the functional benefits of toe transfer, with the majority of outcome studies focusing on operative survival rates, physical measurements such as grip strength, or employ unvalidated scales and self-created questionnaires. More data, in larger more representative populations, using validated PROMs, is required.

Here, we aim to demonstrate using PROMS that the role of toe transfers has equivalent or improved functional benefits, with comparison to finger replantation. Additionally, this study aims to identify physical factors that have the greatest influence on patient reported outcomes. This may answer fundamental questions regarding optimum strategies for the design of toe transfers.

Inclusion criteria

• Toe transfers
• minimum 5 year follow up

Exclusion criteria

• partial toe transfers including toenail, toe pulp or vascularised joint
• under 5 year follow up