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NCT Number: NCT07596056

Long-Term Engagement and Motivation Through Innovative Strategies in Adapted Physical Activity

Aging is associated with progressive declines in physical, functional, and psychosocial capacities, leading to reduced autonomy, increased risk of falls, chronic diseases, and decreased quality of life. Physical inactivity is a major aggravating factor, despite strong evidence that regular physical activity helps prevent age-related decline.

Adapted Physical Activity (APA) has demonstrated beneficial effects on physical function, mental health, pain, and healthcare utilization. However, long-term adherence to APA programs among older adults remains low, with fewer than 20% meeting World Health Organization recommendations. Therefore, innovative strategies are needed to improve sustained engagement in physical activity.

This multicenter, randomized, single-blind interventional study aims to compare the effectiveness of different APA strategies on long-term engagement in physical activity among adults aged 60 years and older.

A total of 600 participants will be randomized into four groups combining two key factors: (1) autonomy-based vs. non-autonomy-based approaches, and (2) classical APA vs. TEMPA-based APA programs. Each intervention consists of a 12-week program including 24 supervised sessions, with some groups incorporating a progressive transition toward autonomous practice.

The primary outcome is long-term physical activity engagement assessed using the QAPPA questionnaire at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months.

Secondary outcomes include:

Objective and self-reported physical activity levels (questionnaires and wearable devices) Functional capacities (muscle strength, endurance, gait speed, balance, cardiorespiratory fitness) Motivational and perceptual factors (e.g., enjoyment, fatigue, perceived effort, motivation) Quality of life (EQ-5D-5L) Biological markers (inflammatory, metabolic, metabolomic, and epigenetic profiles) to identify predictors of adherence and physiological response Cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio)

Statistical analyses will be conducted using mixed linear models for repeated measures to evaluate time, group, and interaction effects. Additional analyses will include descriptive statistics, group comparisons, longitudinal trends, and economic evaluations.

This study aims to identify effective and sustainable APA strategies to improve long-term physical activity engagement and inform public health policies for older adults.

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Key information

Conditions

Aging, Healthy Aging

Age range

60 year and older

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Age 60 or older
  • Affiliation with, or beneficiary of, a social security system
  • No objection to the study

Exclusion criteria

  • Neurocognitive disorder preventing the provision of informed consent (MOCA <18)
  • Individuals under legal protection
  • Individuals deprived of liberty
  • Presence of a physical or cognitive condition preventing participation in the adapted physical activity protocol over 3 months:
  • Neurocognitive disorder (MOCA <18)
  • Neurodegenerative disease with severe symptoms preventing participation in the protocol
  • Neuromuscular disease with severe symptoms preventing participation in the protocol
  • Severe sensory impairments (blindness or profound deafness)
  • Amputation of one or more limbs
  • Non-independent mobility

Treatment and study plan

Group A autonomy arm and classical practice

Other

All participants in Group A will receive a total of 24 Adapted Physical Activity (APA) sessions delivered by a qualified APA professional over a 15-week period. Two sessions per week will be provided during the first 9 weeks. From week 10 to week 15, only one supervised in-person session per week will be offered, and participants will be asked to complete the second session independently. This transition in session planning is expected to promote more sustainable long-term engagement in physical activity, Each session will consist of a warm-up (approximately 10-15 minutes), a main exercise phase (including endurance, strength, balance, flexibility, and coordination exercises), and a cool-down period. The structure of the sessions will be consistent and will comply with physical activity prescription guidelines for older adults

GROUP B autonomy arm and TEMPA practice

Other

In Group B, sessions will more explicitly incorporate effort minimization strategies (TEMPA), which will be clearly communicated to participants. These strategies include encouraging focus on perceived enjoyment during exercise, allowing participants to choose music, involving participants in leading warm-ups, integrating game-based activities (e.g., dodgeball-type games), strengthening group cohesion and sense of affiliation, and providing individualized feedback on performance during sessions.

To ensure proper implementation, the instructor will receive specific training in the TEMPA theoretical model and its associated adaptations. The instructor will also be required to explicitly communicate the strategies used during sessions. A report documenting the strategies implemented will be completed by the instructor after each session

Group C non-autonomy arm and classical practice

Other

All participants in Group C will receive a total of 24 Adapted Physical Activity (APA) sessions delivered by a qualified APA professional over a 12-week period. Participants will attend two APA sessions per week.

Group D non-autonomy arm and TEMPA practice

Other

In Group D, sessions will more explicitly incorporate effort minimization strategies (TEMPA), which will be clearly communicated to participants. These strategies include encouraging participants to focus on perceived enjoyment during exercise, allowing them to choose music, involving them in leading the warm-up, integrating game-based activities (e.g., dodgeball-type games), strengthening group cohesion and sense of affiliation, and providing individualized feedback on performance during sessions.

Primary outcomes

  1. effectiveness of different Adapted Physical Activity (APA) programs

    Time frame: at 12 months

    The primary objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of different Adapted Physical Activity (APA) programs on long-term engagement in physical activity among older adults.

    Long-term engagement will be assessed through the level of physical activity, measured using the QAPPA questionnaire The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Adults (QAPPA) is a tool for measuring the physical activity of people aged 60 and over. It was developed to meet the objective of assessing the level of physical activity of older adults, taking into account their age and health.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Analyze functional outcomes: strength

    Time frame: at 3 months, and 6 months and 12 months

    Strength: time to complete the Five Sit-to-Stand test

  2. perceptual and motivational factors of engagement

    Time frame: at base line and at 3 months

    EMAPS questionnaires: The Motivation Scale for Physical Activity for Health Purposes (EMAPS) is a tool that assesses individuals' motivations and engagement in physical activity. It measures intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, based on 7 main constructs: achievement, knowledge and stimulation, external, introjected and identified regulations, and amotivation. The scale includes 28 statements, each measured on a 1 to 7-point scale, thus allowing a precise assessment of participants' motivations.

  3. perceptual and motivational factors of engagement

    Time frame: at base line and at 3 months

    PES questionnaire: The Physical Effort Scale (PES) is a tool designed to measure the approach and avoidance tendencies towards physical effort. It is used to understand the engagement in physical activity. The scale consists of two factors: approach and avoidance, with each factor having a high internal consistency. The PES-FR has been shown to be valid for measuring individual differences in physical effort evaluation and has implications for promoting physical activity.

  4. perceptual and motivational factors of engagement

    Time frame: at baseline and at 3 months

    PANES questionnaire: PANES is a 17-item, self-administered questionnaire that assesses environmental factors in physical activity participation, such as neighborhood safety, aesthetic qualities, neighborhood infrastructure, and access to destinations

  5. Analyze functional outcomes: Muscular endurance

    Time frame: at 3 months, and 6 months and 12 months

    Muscular endurance: time to complete the One-Minute Sit-to-Stand test

  6. Analyze functional outcomes: Gait analysis

    Time frame: at 3 months, and 6 months and 12 months

    Gait analysis: walking speed over 10 meters

  7. Analyze functional outcomes: Balance

    Time frame: at 3 months, and 6 months and 12 months

    Balance: stabilometric measurements

  8. Analyze functional outcomes: Body composition

    Time frame: at 3 months, and 6 months and 12 months

    Body composition: bioelectrical impedance analysis

  9. Analyze functional outcomes: Cardiorespiratory endurance

    Time frame: at 3 months, and 6 months and 12 months

    Cardiorespiratory endurance: VO₂ max and Harvard index assessed via the Harvard Step Test

Study contacts

Contact information is provided by the study sponsor or research team.

FREDERIC CHORIN, PhD

CONTACT

[email protected]

492034924 ext. +33

VIRGINIE PIOVANO

CONTACT

[email protected]

492034194 ext. +33

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice

Other

Registry information

Official study title

IMPULSION: Long-Term Engagement and Motivation Through Innovative Strategies in Adapted Physical Activity

Acronym: IMPULSION

Important dates

Study start
2026
Primary completion
2031
Study completion
2031
First posted
May 19, 2026
Registry last updated
May 19, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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