Load Modification Versus Standard Exercise for Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome

Participant perception of functional change, measured on an 11-point likert scale from 'very much worse' (minimum, worse outcome) to 'very much better' (maximum, better outcome). Results were then dichotomized into those who indicated they were at least 'moderately better' and those who did not.

The Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) is a self-report survey of a participant's worst hip pain in the last week on an 11-point (0-10) scale, where 0 is no pain, 10 is the worst pain imaginable. The Change in NPRS is calculated by subtracting the baseline NPRS from the 4-week NPRS. A positive response to treatment was defined less than or equal to -2 (i.e., pain reduction by 2 points).

The Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire is a 10-question survey about confidence with activities of daily living, and each question uses a 7-point likert scale, where 0 represents "not at all confident" and 6 represents "completely confident." Answers to each of the 10 questions are summed to generate a total score. Higher scores represent a better outcome; the best score is 60, the worst score is 0. We used the change in PSEQ from the time of enrollment to 4 weeks after enrollment.

The Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment for Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome is a 8-question survey about perceived hip pain and associated functional limitations during various daily activities. Question 1 asks respondents about their usual hip pain severity, scored from 0-10 (1-unit intervals), with 0 represent the worst pain. Questions 2-7 have 5 options that are scored 0, 2, 5, 7, or 10 points, with 0's representing extreme difficulty or inability and 10's representing no difficulty with the activity. Question 8 requires respondents to choose one subsection (A, B, or C) that best corresponds with how their hip pain affects their exercise; the minimum score is 0, the maximum is 30. To calculate the total score, scores from each question are summed. Higher total scores represent a better outcome; the best score is 100, the worst score is 0. We used the change in VISA-G from the time of enrollment to 4 weeks after enrollment.

The Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Bank v2.0 Physical Function assesses self-reported physical function of respondents using computerized adaptive testing techniques. It uses responses to each item to calculate a T-score and it is recommended that scoring occur in REDCapTM or similar scoring service to calculate scores using response pattern scoring. The mean score for adults in the United States is 50 with a standard deviation of 10. Higher T-scores are associated with better function and lower T-scores are associated with worse physical function, and T-scores generally range from 20-80. We used the change in PROMIS-PF from the time of enrollment to 4 weeks after enrollment.

Tegner Activity Level Scale is a self-report scale of physical activity. The scale has 11 categorical options ranging from complete disability/inactivity (0) to national elite-level sports (11). The best score is 11, indicating elite-level activity participation.

The Patient Acceptable Symptomatic State is a single question (yes/no response) asking respondents whether or not they are satisfied with their current state, considering all daily activities, their level of pain, and perceived functional impairment. Selecting 'Yes' would indicate the respondent is satisfied with their current state, selecting 'No' would indicate the respondent is not satisfied with their current state.