LLM-CoManage: Large Language Model-Enabled Co-Management of Hypertension, Diabetes, and Dyslipidemia

Inclusion criteria

Participating communities must meet all of the following criteria:

• Have a designated community physician responsible for primary care who is capable of using a smartphone with stable internet access for clinical communication and LLM-assisted management;
• No plan for administrative merger or restructuring within the next three years;
• Located at least 2 kilometers away from adjacent participating communities (to minimize contamination between clusters).

Eligible participants must fulfill all of the following conditions:

• Aged 40 years or older;
• Uncontrolled hypertension, defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90 mmHg;
• Coexisting diabetes (HbA1c ≥ 7.0%) or coexisting dyslipidemia (LDL-C ≥ 3.4 mmol/L[130 mg/dL]);
• Able to use a smartphone independently or with assistance from family members;
• Has resided in the participating community for at least 6 months;
• Has no plan to relocate in the next 3 years;
• Enrolled in basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents, employee medical insurance, or the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme;
• Not currently pregnant or planning pregnancy during the study period;
• Free from malignant tumors and deemed to have a life expectancy of at least 3 years, as judged by study physicians;
• Willing and able to provide written informed consent.

Exclusion criteria

No specific exclusion criteria.