Lipoprotein Kinetics in T1D

Not required

Inclusion criteria

• Age: ≥18 but ≤45 years
• premenopausal/eumenorrheic and not pregnant or breastfeeding
• non-obese (body mass index ≥18.5<30.0 kg/m2)
• Fasting plasma triglyceride <150 mg/dL

Additional inclusion criteria for control subjects:

• Fasting plasma glucose <100 mg/dL
• Plasma glucose 2 h after a 75 g oral glucose challenge <140 mg/dL
• HbA1c <5.6%.

Additional inclusion criteria for subjects with T1DM:

• stable insulin regimen (multiple daily insulin injections or continuous subcutaneous insulin) for at least 8 weeks before screening
• no use of diabetes medications other than insulin
• HbA1c <8.0%, basal (overnight fasted)
• no severe symptomatic hypoglycemic event associated with a seizure or requiring help from other people or a medical facility in the 6 months prior to screening or metabolic testing

Exclusion criteria

• more than 1.5 h of structured exercise/week
• use of tobacco products, excessive amounts of alcohol, or dietary supplements and/or medications known to affect lipid metabolism
• hypothyroidism or other disorders known to affect lipid metabolism
• conditions that would make it impossible to complete the study protocol