Lipid Emulsion Infusion and COVID-19 Patients

A written informed consent will be taken from the patients or their relatives. Patients will be randomly assigned to receive standard enteral nutrition plus 100 ml/day 0.9% normal saline at a rate 12.5 ml/h over 8 h for 5 days as the control group (Group C) or intravenous fish-oil-based lipid (SMOF lipid 20% which contains a unique 4-oil mix containing Soya bean, Medium-chain triglycerides, Olive oil and Fish oil) (Fresenius Kabi, Bad Homburg, Germany) emulsion supplementation to standard enteral nutrition (group L) in a dose of 100 ml/day at a rate of 12.5 ml/h over 8 h daily for 5 days.Finally, 20 mL of 0.9% normal saline was injected into the burette to flush the system. The entire apparatus was disposed of when each infusion was completed. The whole process was repeated for each infusion.

Inclusion criteria

• Patients are with diagnosis of moderate cases of covid-19 (a person who may have lower respiratory illness, such as pneumonia. However, their blood oxygen levels remain ≥94%)
• Requiring only supplemental oxygen in form of simple nasal cannula or venturi mask oxygen admitted in the intermediate care attached to our ICU with good enteral nutrition.

Exclusion criteria

• Hypersensitivity (peanut,eggs and soya bean)
• Uncontrolled hyperlipidemia
• Severe primary blood coagulation diseases
• Acute pancreatitis
• Acute thromboembolic diseases
• Liver failure (bilirubin >40 mmol/l, alanine aminotransferase >100 U/l and aspartate aminotransferase >100 U/l)
• RIFLE (Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss of kidney function and End-stage kidney disease) stage III and IV renal failure
• Pregnancy or lactation
• Severe neutropenia (<500 cells/mm3)