Limited Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy for Low Risk Breast Cancer

Women older than 50 at diagnosis of an invasive breast cancer which is all of: node negative/N0i+; T1 or T2; low or intermediate grade; with strong or intermediate expression of hormone receptors (ER and PR); and HER2 negative, and who have had adequate local therapy for their tumor, are invited to participate in Prosigna® screening. A sample of their excised tumor is sent for Prosigna® testing. This is a validated and widely approved genomic test to assess recurrence risk in hormone receptor positive/HER2 negative, node negative breast tumors. Tumors with a low risk result, defined as Risk of Recurrence (ROR) less than or equal to 40, are then eligible for enrollment on the LA LEAST study of 2 years of endocrine therapy (tamoxifen for pre/perimenopausal women and aromatase inhibitor for postmenopausal women). To mimic real life, there is flexibility to switch to an alternate standard of care endocrine therapy during the two years if intolerable side effects develop. During the two years of therapy, participants are seen every six months and complete periodic quality of life (QOL) questionnaires designed to measure quality of life, mood, side effects, and anxiety/fear of recurrence. Following two years of therapy, participants have annual study visits until year 10, with similar questionnaires at some but not all time points, and assessment of study endpoints. Primary endpoint is the 5 year distant relapse free interval (DRFI), defined as freedom from distant recurrence or breast cancer death at five years. Secondary endpoints include longitudinal QOL comparisons, 10 year breast cancer free interval and 10 year contralateral breast cancer rate. It is anticipated that about 400 individuals will need to be screened to enroll 290 participants with requisite low score. The sample size is based on an expected 5 year DRFI of 96.8%, one sided alpha of 0.05 and a rejection of the alternate hypothesis if the lower boundary of the one sided confidence interval yields an observed DRFI below 95%.

Inclusion criteria

for Prosigna® screening

• Diagnosis of invasive breast cancer which is:

• Unifocal or multifocal (not multicentric)
• Unilateral
• Moderate or strongly hormone receptor positive
• HER2 negative
• Ductal grade 1 or 2, or lobular any grade, or pure tubular (any grade) or pure papillary (any grade). If mixed lobular-ductal histology, the ductal component must be grade 1 or 2.
• Stage pT1N0 (tumor </= 20mm, negative node) or pT2N0 (tumor 21-50mm, node negative) or pT1N0i+ (tumor </=20mm and isolated tumor cells in node[s]) or pT2N0i+ (tumor 21-50mm and isolated tumor cells in node[s]) (see Appendix 2). Tumor size must be sufficient for Prosigna® testing. pNX (nodal status unknown) stage is not eligible.
• Subject must be female
• Subject must be age > 50 years at breast cancer diagnosis
• Subject may be pre, peri, or postmenopausal.
• Subject must have a > 5-year life expectancy based on physician judgement of subject's co-morbid illnesses and age
• Subject must undergo standard of care loco-regional management (sentinel node biopsy and/or axillary dissection; breast conserving surgery or mastectomy; radiation to breast following breast conserving surgery, with radiotherapy details per local institution practice). Surgery will have been no more than 24 weeks prior to endocrine therapy start. Subjects having repeat surgeries after radiation, regardless of indication, should count the date of last surgery that preceded radiation. Subjects may undergo Prosigna® screening prior to completion of radiation.
• The breast surgery will have achieved negative surgical margins. Tumours with positive margins that are not re-resectable are eligible if followed by radiation with a boost (partial mastectomy) or chest wall radiation (mastectomy)
• No (neoadjuvant or adjuvant) chemotherapy given or planned for this breast cancer
• No other non-breast cancer within the last 5 years, except non-melanoma skin cancer, melanoma in situ, cervix carcinoma in situ, and anal carcinoma in situ
• No prior hormone receptor positive invasive breast cancer. Prior contralateral DCIS treated with standard of care local therapy, and prior lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) are allowed, provided no endocrine therapy with any of tamoxifen, ovarian suppression, raloxifene, or aromatase inhibitor was given
• Subject will have not have started endocrine therapy prior to enrollment
• Subject has signed a screening informed consent form
• Subject has intent to be adherent to endocrine therapy for two years in the absence of serious toxicity

Inclusion criteria

for study enrollment:

• Prosigna® score in the low risk range, defined as an ROR of 40 or lower
• Subject has not yet initiated endocrine therapy
• Subject has signed study informed consent form

Exclusion criteria

• Does not meet every inclusion criteria listed above