Lifestyle Changes Reducing Type 2 Diabetes Risk Among Arab Canadian Muslim Women.

Women were assigned randomly using a computer-generated random numbers table to either an Exercise and Nutrition Group (ENG) or a Control Group (CG). The women received step-by-step instructions on how to complete a consecutive 3-day food record (including two week-days and one weekend day) and an exercise log for 7 days using a pedometer (YAMAX SW-200 Digi-Walker) to determine steps/day. The information and instruction were delivered to the women in English or Arabic. Body weight and height were measured to the nearest 0.1 kg and 0.1 cm, respectively. Women came to the lab after a 12 hour fast and a blood sample was drawn. Waist and hip measurements were taken along with resting blood pressure. Estimated fitness levels was measured by a trained kinesiologist using a Step Test (Siconolfi et al. 1985). All baseline measurements, including the 3-day food intake record and the 7-day pedometer step count log were repeated at the end of the 12-week intervention in both groups. The ENG group attended a supervised women-only exercise program that presented Arabic music and traditional dance steps (the Lebanese Dabka) three times a week in the London Muslim Mosque Gym and received nutrition education over the 12 weeks, one session per week.

Inclusion criteria

• family history of type 2 diabetes (at least one parent),
• overweight or obese,
• been in Canada more than 10 years,
• mild hypertension,
• impaired glucose tolerance, or previous gestational diabetes (including giving birth to babies 4.0 kg or more),
• a sedentary lifestyle

Exclusion criteria

• uncontrolled hypertension,
• unstable angina,
• pulmonary and metabolic disease,
• severe arthritis or rheumatologic problems,
• already engaged in regular exercise training,
• pregnancy,
• menopause,
• already enrolled in a clinical research trial