Lenvatinib Treatment in Waiting List of Liver Transplantation After TACE Failure in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma

The investigators identified a sub-group of patients with non resectable HCC that could benefit from a systemic neoadjuvant medical strategy before liver transplantation (LT). In these patients, the investigators propose to add oral systemic chemotherapy with lenvatinib as a bridging/downstaging therapeutic approach until LT.

In the case of at least partial response or stability under lenvatinib and within AFP score of 2, the patients will be transplanted and lenvatinib will be stopped on the day or the day before LT (depending on the availability of the graft).

In the case of disease progression, the patient will stop prematurely the lenvatinib treatment and will be treated according to usual practices. The patient's eligibility for LT will be assessed according to usual practices.

Inclusion criteria

• Non resectable HCC
• Initial French AFP score < or = 2
• Registered on national waiting list for LT
• Who underwent TACE as a bridge to LT
• With no complete response after 2 TACE (i.e. persistent active disease, including stable disease or partial response or progression)
• Non eligible for percutaneous ablation
• Informed, written consent obtained from the patient
• Having the rights to French social insurance
• Aged of 18 years or older
• Adequate bone marrow, liver and renal function as assessed by the following laboratory tests:

• Hemoglobin > 8.5 g/dL
• Absolute neutrophil count ≥ 1500/mm3 (≥ 1200/mm3 for black/African, American)
• Platelet count ≥ 60,000/ mm3
• Total bilirubin ≤ 2 mg/dL or 34 mcmol/l
• Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ≤ 5 x upper limit of normal (ULN)
• Serum creatinine ≤ 1.5 x ULN
• Prothrombine time-international normalized ratio (PT-INR) < 2.3 and PTT < 50 %
• Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) ≥ 30 mL/min/1.73 m2
• Patient with QT/QTc < 480 ms
• Women of childbearing potential (WOCBP) need to accept one effective method of contraception until 1 month after the last lenvatinib intake and avoid pregnancy
• Patients who are sexually active with WOCBP partners need to accept one effective method of contraception until 1 month after lenvatinib intake and men must agree to use adequate contraception.

Exclusion criteria

• Contraindication of lenvatinib and excipient

• Cardiovascular:

• Rhythmic or ischemic recent or uncontrolled cardiac disease: Pacemakers or patients who have a history of cardiac arrhythmias or irregular heartbeats (in case of electroporation procedure)
• Congestive heart failure New York Heart Association (NYHA) ≥ class 2
• Unstable angina or myocardial infarction within the past 6 months before enrolment
• Uncontrolled arterial hypertension (systolic ≥ 140 mmHg, diastolic ≥ 90 mmHg)
• Ongoing ascites: Refractory ascites according to EASL guidelines definition (ascites that cannot be mobilized or the early recurrence of which cannot be prevented because of a lack of response to sodium restriction and diuretic treatment)
• Coagulopathy
• Ongoing infection > Grade 2 according to NCI-current CTCAE . Hepatitis B is allowed if no active replication is present (below 100 IU/mL). Hepatitis C is allowed if no antiviral treatment is ongoing
• Known hypersensitivity to the study drug or excipients in the formulation
• Decompensated cirrhosis (Child-Pugh > A6)
• Prior systemic therapy with oral TKI and/or immunotherapy
• Past or concurrent history of neoplasm other than HCC, except for in situ carcinoma of the cervix uteri and/or non-melanoma skin cancer and superficial bladder tumours. Any cancer curatively treated > 3 years prior to study entry is permitted
• Recent digestive bleeding associated with portal hypertension (whithin the 3 months prior to inclusion in the study)
• Advanced or Metastatic HCC (BCLC C)
• Persistent proteinuria of NCI-current CTCAE ≥ Grade ≥ Grade 3
• Project of living donor
• Pregnant or lactating woman
• Curator or guardianship or patient placed under judicial protection
• Participation in other interventional research during the study.
• History within the past 3 months before enrollment of haemorrhage, gastrointestinal perforation, gastrointestinal or non-gastrointestinal fistula,
• History of aneurism,
• Hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia and hypocalcemia