LEAF (Liver Tumor dEtection And classiFication AI)

This prospective real-world trial will be conducted at FAHZU, a high-volume tertiary medical center in mainland China.

LEAF will be deployed within the hospital information system through the DAMO Intelligent Medical Imaging interface, allowing it to flag potential liver lesions in real time. Approximately 2500 consecutive patients undergoing non-contrast CT examinations will be enrolled starting in July 2026. All incoming non-contrast chest and abdominal CT scans will be simultaneously reviewed by radiologists in routine clinical workflow and processed by LEAF in real-time. Daily logs of LEAF-positive alerts will be maintained by the research team. A prespecified clinical action committee composed of hepatobiliary surgeons and abdominal radiologists will review the case to assess whether the AI finding warrants communication to the treating physician of these patients. For patients with suspected malignant liver tumors, the committee's consensus on the presence of suspicious lesions will be communicated to their attending physicians, who will then decide whether additional diagnostic assessment is indicated according to standard clinical practice. The standard radiology workflow will not be altered by the study, and LEAF will be evaluated as a risk-stratification and case-flagging tool rather than a replacement for radiologist interpretation.

Inclusion criteria

Age range 18 years and above;

Underwent non-contrast chest or abdominal CT examination with liver coverage;

Patients with an established diagnosis of cirrhosis;

Patients with an established diagnosis of extrahepatic cancer.

Exclusion criteria

Patients who have been diagnosed with malignant liver tumor;

Patients who underwent liver transplantation;

Low quality image, severe artifacts and noise.